19TH CENTURY NATIONAL NUMISMATIC COLLECTION RECORDS

Page from the 1869 Mint Cabinet inventory listing the 1804 dollars

Newman Portal users Saul Teichman and Roger Burdette recently contributed a pair of documents to Newman Portal that provide information on the U.S. Mint Cabinet (today the National Numismatic Collection in the Smithsonian) from the 19th century. Both documents originate from the National Archives & Records Administration (NARA). Thanks to the efforts of Bob Julian, John Graffeo, Roger Burdette, Craig Sholley, and others, the Newman Portal currently contains over 200,000 pages of material scanned at various NARA facilities, including Philadelphia, College Park (MD), and Denver.

The document "Collection of United States and Foregin Coins in the Mint Cabinet at Philadelphia" (from NARA record group 104, entry 160) is a handwritten record, "prepared by the Curators of the Cabinet" in 1869. Interestingly, the catalog provides numismatic valuations of each piece, stating "The…value is an average of two principal and recent sales — the Seavey and Liliendahl collections at auction; with occasional reference to the Haines and Mickley sales." The curators were thus somewhat familiar with the commercial conditions of the day. Two 1804 dollars are listed (a third was added to the collection later), valued at $500 and $100. The entire collection of several thousand pieces is appraised at "near $20,000." Needless to say today's statistics are substantially increased, on the order of a million pieces and a valuation of a billion dollars.

A second document, from 1887, represents correspondence from Philadelphia Mint Superintendent Daniel M. Fox to U.S. Mint Director James P. Kimball (NARA record group 104, entry 229). Fox writes to Kimball, transmitting a list of U.S. pattern coins from 1794 to date. Although not explicitly stated, this likely represents an inventory of the Mint Cabinet at the time. Fox was clearly aware the list was not comprehensive, stating that he identified 341 pieces, while the Robert Coulton Davis list (published about the same time in Coin Collector's Journal) listed 479 examples. Today, all of this information is available with a quick glance at Whitman's United States Pattern Coins, ably championed by Q. David Bowers and Saul Teichman. Numismatics builds on itself, and today's knowledge is built on these early sources, which represented the best information available at the time.

Link to "Collection of United States and Foregin Coins in the Mint Cabinet at Philadeplhia" (1869) on Newman Portal:
https://nnp.wustl.edu/library/book/553096

Link to 1887 listing of U.S. pattern coinage on Newman Portal:
https://nnp.wustl.edu/library/book/553095

Link to NARA materials on Newman Portal
https://nnp.wustl.edu/Library/Archives?searchLetter=U

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