VOCABULARY TERMS: RACK, RADIAL, RAW

Rack Mark. Evidence on a medallic item at three or more points in which coloring, finish or lacquer is missing. The tiny points are where the medallic item was supported while it was worked on, as during a finishing or lacquering operation. Rack marks usually appear at three equidistant points along the edge where the supporting prongs, wires or stilts make a point of contact and thus prevent any finishing at those points. See stilts.

Radial Line Border. A border entirely of rays, a series of raised lines, which if all lines were extended inward they would cross at the center point. Radial lines rise from a field to form a border element; thus they differ from a reeded rim (which is raised lines on top of the rim). An example of radial line border is on the 1797 U.S. half cent.

Railroad Rim. A flanged edge coining error where a piece is struck half within and half outside a collar; a partial collar error, the resulting piece has a flange that looks like a railroad wheel, hence the name. The term is used more by collectors; otherwise called a partial collar strike.

Reference:
NE42 {1982} Doty, p 275-276.

To read the NGC page, see:
1797 PLAIN EDGE 1/2C MS (https://www.ngccoin.com/coin-explorer/united-states/half-cents/liberty-cap-half-cents-1793-1797/11036/1797-plain-edge-1-2c-ms/)

To read the complete entries on the Newman Numismatic Portal, see:
Rack Mark (https://nnp.wustl.edu/library/dictionarydetail/516579)
Radial Line Border (https://nnp.wustl.edu/library/dictionarydetail/516580)
Railroad Rim (https://nnp.wustl.edu/library/dictionarydetail/516582)

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