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About Us The Numismatic Bibliomania Society is a non-profit association devoted to the study and enjoyment of numismatic literature. For more information please see our web site at coinbooks.org Subscriptions Those wishing to become new E-Sylum subscribers (or wishing to Unsubscribe) can go to the following web page link Membership There is a membership application available on the web site Membership Application To join, print the application and return it with your check to the address printed on the application. Print/Digital membership is $40 to addresses in the U.S., and $60 elsewhere. A digital-only membership is available for $25. For those without web access, write to: Jeff Dickerson, Treasurer Numismatic Bibliomania Society P. O. Box 578, Weatherford, TX 76086 Asylum For Asylum mailing address changes and other membership questions, contact Jeff at this email address: treasurer@coinbooks.org Submissions To submit items for publication in The E-Sylum, write to the Editor at this address: whomren@gmail.com BUY THE BOOK BEFORE THE COIN Sale Calendar Watch here for updates!

 

Content presented in The E-Sylum is not necessarily researched or independently fact-checked, and views expressed do not necessarily represent those of the Numismatic Bibliomania Society.

WAYNE'S WORDS: THE E-SYLUM AUGUST 18, 2024

Thank you for reading The E-Sylum. If you enjoy it, please send me the email addresses of friends you think may enjoy it as well and I'll send them a subscription. Contact me at whomren@gmail.com anytime regarding your subscription, or questions, comments or suggestions about our content.

This week we open with Charity Auction results and other NBS news, two new books, three obituaries, updates from the Newman Numismatic Portal, and more.

Other topics this week include the Empire Coin Company, warped slabs, decorative ancient coin plaques, Tommy Thompson and the SS Central America treasure, Lysander Spooner, Eric Schena, fixed price and auction offerings, my ANA diaries, two coin hoards, and sample slabs.

To learn more about Out on a Limb, Dan Hamelberg, the Grand Duchy of Ryazan, the ANS Traveling Exhibit, coin presses, mortgage-backed paper money, the Farmers Bank of Virginia at Winchester, rare Confederate currency, the siege of Oudewater, the Naseby Cup, and unchaste men and women, read on. Have a great week, everyone!

Wayne Homren
Editor, The E-Sylum

 

2024 NBS CHARITY AUCTION RESULTS

NBS Charity Auction Raises Funds for NBS Treasury

The NBS Charity Auction, an offering of 50 lots donated by club members, took place on August 9 at the ANA World's Fair of Money in Rosemont, IL. David Fanning wrote the auction sale catalog and called the sale. Printed copies of the catalog were on hand for attendees. Highlights included the Eric P. Newman library card catalog, donated by the Eric P. Newman Numismatic Education Society, which realized $1,600. A rare piece of early Bowersiana, a 1957 price paid for list, raised $650 for the NBS in active bidding. Dan Hamelberg donated this lot. David Steine contributed a plated Elder sale (1907), which sold for $650. A set of Out on a Limb, the highly entertaining house organ of The Money Tree, donated by Tom Harrison, brought $300. The sale realized a total of $7,885. NBS acknowledges both donors and bidders for their continued support.

Above image: The inaugural issue of Out on a Limb, the house organ of The Money Tree

To read the earlier E-Sylum article, see:
2024 NBS CHARITY AUCTION AND ANA EVENTS (https://www.coinbooks.org/v27/esylum_v27n30a02.html)

NBS BIBLIOTALK PODCAST WITH DAN HAMELBERG

NBS Podcast Features Literature Collector Dan Hamelberg

The latest episode of the NBS Bibliotalk podcast, "Collection Highlights Continued, with Dan Hamelberg" is now available on the NBS website and other popular podcasting platforms such as Buzzsprout. Dan needs no introduction to those familiar with numismatic literature collecting, and in this episode shares another round of highlights from his unparalleled library.

Recorded on June 21, Dan begins with the tale of an unlikely connection between B. Max Mehl's printing blocks and Martin Gengerke's American Numismatic Auctions. Discussion of the F.C.C. Boyd inventory of the Col. Green collection follows, along with background on the colonel's mother, Hetty Green, the so-called "witch of Wall Street." From there Dan presents numismatic-themed manuscript documents including letters of U.S. Mint Directors and Engravers. This portion of the interview (part 1 of 2) finishes with an Ephraim Brasher-signed letter, of the few known items signed by Brasher. Part 2 of the interview will be released in due course.

The NBS podcast is hosted and produced by Lianna Spurrier of Numismatic Marketing.

Link to "Collection Highlights Continued, with Dan Hamelberg" on the NBS website:
https://www.coinbooks.org/resources/podcast.html

To read the earlier E-Sylum article, see:
NBS BIBLIOTALK PODCAST INTERVIEWS DAN HAMELBERG (https://www.coinbooks.org/v23/esylum_v23n34a03.html)

NEW BOOK: COINS OF THE GRAND DUCHY OF RYAZAN

Coins of the Grand Duchy of Ryazan (late 14th to mid-15th centuries)
D. Huletski, K. Petrunin

Coins from the Grand Duchy of Ryazan, spanning the late 14th to mid-15th centuries, present a distinctive monetary system within lands of Ancient Rus'. Distinguished by unique minting techniques and the remarkable variety of countermarks, these coins have long fascinated numismatists.

The uniqueness of the Ryazan coinage is that having begun as a counterstamping of the Ulus of Jochi dangs, it did not abandon this tradition even after the influx of Jochid coins ceased. At local mints, imitations were first produced, and then they were re-coined with another, smaller stamp, imitating the counterstamping technique.

Attributing these coins accurately poses challenges due to their often anonymous and anepigraphic nature. This study endeavours to shed light on their origins through graphic reconstructions of dies and analysis of die connections between base coins and countermarks. These efforts serve as the primary method for dating and understanding the coinage of the Ryazan princes.

Moreover, this catalogue offers comprehensive metrological data and over five hundred photographs, enriching the study and appreciation of these historically significant artefacts.

For more information, or to order, see:
Д.В.Гулецкий, К.М.Петрунин "Монеты Великого Княжества Рязанского (https://vk.com/market-131226527?w=product-131226527_9999329)

NEW BOOK: HISTORICAL EVIDENCE AND ITS INTERPRETATION

Historical Evidence and Its Interpretation
Kiran Kumar Thaplyal

The evidences discussed in 16 chapters and four appendices relate variously to determining the date and chronology, political history, polity and administration, religion and iconography, and social and economic life. An evidence when corroborated becomes strong, and when contradicted, turns weak, and the stronger the evidence, the more definite the conclusion. Some evidences are clear-cut, while others are vague, some are mutually conflicting and some variously contain mythology, exaggerations, stock phraseology, fabricated genealogy and forged account. Primary source is preferable to the secondary, and eye-witness to hearsay. Facts should be separated from fiction, actual from normative, original from fake, and certain from doubtful. The conclusions are drawn variously as probable, possible, potential or certain.

A few interpretations by scholars are interesting. The similarity of helmet and even that of smile of kings in coin-portraits is taken as evidence for their belonging to the same family. The title philopator (beloved of father) does not absolve a king of the blame of patricide. From coin portraits of Strato I, coins issued as a child, as an adult and as an old man have been identifi ed. Punctuating an unpunctuated epigraphic passage in one way, a lady is taken as a daughter of a person, and punctuating it another way, as his mother. New discoveries have brought changes in history.

The Rabatak inscription for the first time shows that Kanishka was son of Vima Kadphises, grandson of Vima Taktu (not known from any other source), and the great grandson of Kujula Kadphises. From the Risthal inscription, it is known that the mighty king, Yasodharman, was not a commoner before he became king (as was believed earlier), but before him, several kings of his family had ruled, and his immediate predecessor, Prakasadharman, had defeated the Hu?a chief, Torama?a. Successive discoveries transformed Budhagupta from a local ruler of Malwa to an Imperial Guptaruler, master of an empire extending from Bengal to Malwa; and Ramagupta was transformed from a legendary fi gure to an Imperial Gupta monarch.

About the author
Professor Kiran Kumar Thaplyal (b. 1936), after obtaining first class first Masters degree in ancient Indian History and Archaeology (1957) from Lucknow University, served the Archaeological Survey of India for about three years (1957-60) where he was in charge of archaeological antiquities and participated in archaeological excavations at Lothal, Alamgirpur, Gilund and Ujjain.

Thereafter, in 1960, he joined Lucknow University as lecturer and taught there till his superannuation in 1996 as Professor and Head of the Department of ancient Indian History and Archaeology, and Dean, Faculty of Arts. He was Fellow of the Indian Institute of Advanced Study, shimla (1991-93). He is a recipient of the Brahmi™ award (one lakh rupees and a citation) for his contribution to various fields of Indology.

The nine books authored by professor Thaplyal include Studies in Ancient Indian Seals (Ph.D. dissertation), Inscriptions of the Mmaukharis, Later Guptas, Pushpabhutis and Yasovarman of Kanauj, Sindhu Sabhyata, Jaiina Paintings, Guilds in ancient India and Coins of Ancient India. He has published a number of papers and edited Select Battles in Indian History in two volumes.

For more information, or to order, see:
Historical Evidence and Its Interpretation (https://www.bagchee.com/books/BB138477/historical-evidence-and-its-interpretation)

EUGENE DAUB BOOK UPDATE

Adolfo Nodal writes:

Marc Mellon writes:

George S. Cuhaj writes:

Jim Licaretz writes:

Jewish-American Hall Of Fame writes:

Heidi Wastweet writes:

For more information, see:
EugeneDaubArtBook (https://tinyurl.com/Eugene-Daub-Art-Book)

To read the earlier E-Sylum article, see:
NEW BOOK: PORTRAITS, METALS, AND MONUMENTS (https://www.coinbooks.org/v27/esylum_v27n32a02.html)

RAYMOND HENRY MASSEY (1935-2024)

Howard writes:

It is with deep sadness that we announce the passing of Raymond Henry Massey on August 4, in Stonewall, MB. Ray was born in Winnipeg in 1935 and grew up in Grosse Isle until the age of 11 when the family moved to Ross Avenue in Winnipeg. Ray attended Victoria-Albert, Hugh John MacDonald and Daniel McIntyre Schools. In 1954, Ray enlisted in the Royal Canadian Navy. In 1958 Ray then served with the Canadian Forces Medical Services until 1982.

In 1959, Ray married his beloved wife Fern at the United Church in East Kildonan, and together they celebrated 63 years of marriage and two wonderful children. From 1982 to 1993 Ray worked for the Manitoba Health Services Commission additionally from 1982 to 1988 he was the C.O. of 17 (Winnipeg) Medical Company at Minto Armoury in the Military Reserves, finally retiring as a Lt. Colonel. Together, Ray and Fern lived in Winnipeg, Halifax, Victoria, Ottawa, Shilo, Lahr Germany, ending their cross-country journey in Winnipeg. In 1997 Ray moved to Stonewall where he spent his golden years close to his beloved grandchildren.

Ray was very fortunate to have been able to travel to many places throughout Canada and Europe. Over the past number of years, Ray and Fern often went to Victoria, BC to spend time away from the cold winter months in the prairies. It was a place where they had formed many special bonds and memories during their time living there.

Ray was highly involved in both the Manitoba Coin Club and the South Interlake 55 Plus Center in Stonewall. Ray was an avid curler, bowler, golfer and poker player. He also enjoyed being a volunteer driver for Manitoba Cancer Care. In Ray's last few years, he really enjoyed watching the Toronto Blue Jay's, but most of all, he looked forward to the weekly Sunday "Breakfast Club" Brunches at Larters, where Judy always made the family feel welcome.

To read the complete obituary, see:
RAYMOND HENRY MASSEY (https://passages.winnipegfreepress.com/passage-details/id-325605/MASSEY_RAYMOND%20HENRY)

FRIEDRICH POPKEN (1940-2024)

FRIEDRICH POPKEN, Awardee of the Lower Saxony Order of Merit
(*16 February 1940 in Hameln, †27 July 2024 in Rastede)

Obituary for a Friend

On 27 July 2024, Friedrich Popken passed away at the age of 84. As well as being a well-known entrepreneur, he was also a highly esteemed coin collector and a friend of the Künker auction house.

When Friedrich Popken was born on 16 February 1940, no one could have imagined that he would go on to create the Ulla Popken brand, bringing unprecedented success to the Popken family business.

The Popken family had been living in Frisia, Germany, for centuries. His great-grandfather, Thade Boiken Popken, had been a farmer before selling his farmstead to the Prussian state in the mid-19th century, when Prussia was essentially building the largest German naval base from scratch in Wilhelmshaven. The great-grandfather became very successful with his haulage business in Wilhelmshaven and left his heirs a substantial sum of 140,000 gold marks in 1881. One of his sons, Johann Popken, the grandfather of Friedrich Popken, founded the clothing store J. Popken in 1880 in Hameln. Following Johann Popken's early death in 1905, his wife Elisabeth successfully steered the company through the turmoil of the First World War (1914-1918), German hyperinflation (1919-1923) and the Great Depression (1929-1932).

Friedrich Popken's parents, Jutta and Carl Friedrich, continued to run the business during the difficult years after the Second World War. In accordance with his parents' wishes, on 1 August 1958, after completing his secondary education and graduating from business school, young Friedrich began an apprenticeship as a textile merchant at Anton Kolck's in Lübbecke.

In 1968, Popken took the plunge into self-employment with the small Oldenburg company "Mami und Baby". The following years were tough and demanded the young entrepreneur's full commitment. The breakthrough came in 1975, when the company decided to adopt a new strategy by opening specialist stores for maternity wear. A milestone in the company's development was introducing young fashion for plus-size women. This is also how the highly successful brand Ulla Popken offering young fashion from size 42 came about.

His company's success enabled Friedrich Popken to follow his passion and build up a collection of coins from his home region of Lower Saxony. Friedrich's great career as a coin collector began when, as a 12-year-old boy, he found a small wooden box with a few coins inside. Senator Karl Witte from Hameln, who was also an enthusiastic coin collector and a merchant in the neighborhood, probably gave the young Friedrich Popken an important impulse for collecting coins.

The first meeting of the young coin dealer Fritz Rudolf Künker and the collector Friedrich Popken most likely took place in Osnabrück in 1973. Over the years, their trusting relationship developed into a deep friendship.

As an entrepreneur, Friedrich Popken knew that you can only be successful in the long term if you focus on what is most important. Over the past few years, Friedrich Popken therefore devoted his collecting activities exclusively to issues from Lower Saxony. He was particularly interested in the so-called lösers of the Dukes of Brunswick. The results of his efforts in other fields of numismatic interest have already been sold at various auctions of the Künker auction house. Friedrich Popken wanted to leave nothing to chance. That is why he decided early on to put his collections on the numismatic market so that other collectors could enjoy the pieces.

This also applies to his important löser collection. With over 240 pieces, it was the largest collection of its kind in private hands. It was offered by Künker over the course of six auction sales, the last of which took place as part of auction 400 in Berlin on 1 February 2024.

Towards the end of 2023, Friedrich Popken felt that his life's journey was coming to an end. He openly talked about it, and bore the burden of his illness with great discipline and dignity. On my last visit to Rastede, he told me how grateful he was to be able to spend the last phase of his life at home, in a familiar environment, lovingly cared for by his wife Eleonore.

It is with great respect that we pay tribute to Friedrich Popken. We are delighted to be able to keep alive the memory of a loveable collector through the catalogs dedicated to him. Friedrich Popken was closely connected to the Künker auction house for more than 50 years. We will deeply miss him as a friend and a counselor.

Osnabrück, August 2024
Fritz Rudolf Künker

 

RICHARD CULLEN JEWELL (1945-2024)

On August 10, 2024, Richard Cullen Jewell, 79, of Franklin Park, beloved husband of 50 years to Fran Jewell, passed away peacefully.

Richard was a prominent member of the PA Association of Numismatists (Coin Collecting), the editor of the Clarion magazine, a member of the American Numismatic Association, Cape Fear, George Washington and North Hills Coin Clubs and various other organizations. He was a huge sports fan and could always be counted on to tell you the latest joke.

He retired from the United States Air Force in 1967, where he was a Sergeant in the 623rd ACW.

Sam Deep writes:

ANA President and PAN Past President Tom Uram writes:

Chick Ambrass writes:

Harry Waterson offers this limerick :

Paul Bosco writes:

To read the complete online obituary, see:
Richard Cullen Jewell (https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/name/richard-jewell-obituary?id=55834352)

For some of his collection sales, see:
The Richard C. Jewell Collection (https://auctions.stacksbowers.com/auctions/3-AMTT5/the-richard-c-jewell-collection)

To read earlier E-Sylum articles, see:
THE LONG AND THE SHORT OF THE CCAC (https://www.coinbooks.org/v20/esylum_v20n32a14.html)
RICHARD JEWELL EXONUMIA AT PAN SHOW (https://www.coinbooks.org/v20/esylum_v20n42a25.html)
LE MéDAILLIER MEDAL SHIELD (https://www.coinbooks.org/v21/esylum_v21n42a22.html)

ANS TRAVELING EXHIBIT, 1926-1928

American Numismatic Society Traveling Exhibit, 1926-1928

Scanning of the ANS Curator (Howland Wood) correspondence, covering the period 1913-1937, continues apace under the sponsorship of the Newman Numismatic Portal. Correspondents through the letters A-P are now processed. A recently scanned file details a traveling exhibit mounted by the ANS in the 1920s. Curator Wood explained in correspondence to the Smithsonian on November 22, 1926:

The exhibit debuted at the Worcester Art Museum in the fall of 1926, followed by the John Herron Art Institute in Indianapolis. Wood was careful to instruct numismatically uninitiated museum personnel "The coins, of course, must not be fastened down with nails or stuck down." The exhibit then went to the Memorial Art Gallery in Rochester, NY, The Dayton Art Institute, the Denver Art Museum, the St. Louis City Art Museum, the Minneapolis Institute of Arts, the Carnegie Museum, and finally to the Utica Public Library. Insurance was apparently provided by the Robert M. Coyle insurance company, which quoted coverage at 2% of the exhibit value, a remarkably low number given the extensive amount of shipping and packing involved.

Link to ANS Exhibit correspondence file:
https://archive.org/details/ansnumismatictra00amer

Link to Howland Wood correspondence:
https://archive.org/details/americannumismaticsociety?tab=collection&query=Howland&sort=-publicdate

VIDEO: CALIFORNIA PIONEER FRACTIONAL GOLD

Dennis Beasley has researched the pricing and availability of Pioneer gold for some years. His research includes review of auction records and dealer price lists. He now offers this information to the public. In this lecture-only video you will hear:

• The three categories of these issues that include Period One from 1852-57, and Period Two 1858-83 and Period Three 1883-1915
• How coins of the last period dated 1883-1915 were actually backdated and struck up until 1983
• The "pinch" system used with gold dust that created a demand for small coinage in San Francisco
• Period One from 1852-57 that included coins that were dated and undated and may have actually circulated
• Period Two pieces that were collected from their inception
• That some were made outside of California
• How the letters on the coins are not mintmarks but manufacturer's marks
• Zealous Treasury agents that created some of today's rarities
• Which pieces are scarce
• Ways to learn more and websites that have good information

Speaker(s): Dennis Beasley.

To watch the complete video, see:
California Pioneer Fractional Gold (https://youtu.be/osskMDJJhEU)

 

MORE ON THE MYSTERIOUS WARPED SLABS

Dave Wnuck writes:

Wayne Pearson writes:

Brad Karoleff writes:

Ray Williams writes:

Dave Wnuck adds:

To read the earlier E-Sylum article, see:
NOTES FROM E-SYLUM READERS: AUGUST 11, 2024 : Warped Slab Mystery (https://www.coinbooks.org/v27/esylum_v27n32a06.html)

THE EMPIRE COIN COMPANY WINDOW

The August 4th issue of The E-Sylum had an interesting article originating with Doug Nyholm, editor of the Utah Numismatic Society's The Mint Master, regarding the early publications of Q. David Bowers while he and James Ruddy were operating the Empire Coin Company. It featured a photo of the upper half of the front page of the July-August-September 1958 issue of Empire Topics, the house organ.

While the sixty-six-year-old article was about the teams' purchase of a rare 1894-S Barber dime, my attention was captured by something more mundane. The publication's heading included the firm's address, 252 Main Street in Johnson City, New York. What, I wondered, was currently located at that long ago address of this important figure in modern numismatics.

So, I pulled up Google Maps. You may not know this, but Google does a pretty good job of photographing street views around the world, sending cars and trucks with cameras on top to capture the current scene. Most populated locations get a new pic every few years, creating a record of changes in a particular area. Curious, I dropped the Johnson City address in.

The oldest Google photo of 252 Main Street dated from April 2012. A hair stylist occupied the first floor, while the rest of the building was covered with a hideous 1960s blue façade laid out in a grid pattern. There was a pizza shop on one side of the building and a Chinese restaurant on the other side, but no sign of anything numismatic.

That next photo of the address was taken in May 2017. The hair stylist was gone, as well as the pizza shop. More importantly, though, the funky façade was gone. And there, painted in gold in the middle of the now revealed second-floor window, was "EMPIRE COIN COMPANY, INC. RARE COINS." Not quite King Tut's tomb, but still a neat bit of numismatic archeology. Bowers and Ruddy had moved the business to nearby Binghamton, New York by late 1960. I suspect that the ugly blue façade went up shortly thereafter, creating an architectural monstrosity but at the same time preserving this Eisenhower era relic.

But it didn't last. After showing up in several pics after 2017, the window was suddenly blank in May 2023, the gold lettering scraped off. I hope that means Johnson City is undergoing a revival and there's the possibility of a new, vibrant enterprise occupying that space. Maybe a coin store?

To read the earlier E-Sylum articles, see:
THE EMPIRE COIN COMPANY OFFICE (https://www.coinbooks.org/esylum_v17n18a13.html)
MINT MASTER COVERS EARLY BOWERS PUBLICATIONS (https://www.coinbooks.org/v27/esylum_v27n31a05.html)

NOTES FROM E-SYLUM READERS: AUGUST 18, 2024

Monitor vs Merrimack/Merrimac
#1 Money Man writes:

Dick Hanscom writes:

To read the earlier E-Sylum article, see:
SCHENKMAN PRESENTS USS MERRIMACK RELICS (https://www.coinbooks.org/v27/esylum_v27n32a03.html)

On the Mesopotamian Shekel
Bob Leonard writes:

To read the earlier E-Sylum article, see:
NOTES FROM E-SYLUM READERS: AUGUST 4, 2024 : s On the Maritime Silk Road (https://www.coinbooks.org/v27/esylum_v27n31a10.html)

Query: Proskey/Low Fractional Currency Price List
Dave Hirt writes:

HOW TO DECORATE YOUR YACHT

Rob Luton writes:

CURSED GOLD: A SHIPWRECK SCANDAL

The new 3-episode series from National Geographic takes viewers back to the year 1989 to explore the story of Tommy Thompson, the man who discovered the SS Central America. Within the excitement of discovery and potential riches lies a tale of deceit and turmoil. The new National Geographic show Cursed Gold: A Shipwreck Scandal premieres on September 8th.

In the Reagan years, many Americans were all about getting rich. Tommy Thompson was no exception. The young inventor who majored in Engineering at Ohio State University became obsessed with the SS Central America. Also known as the "ship of gold," the SS Central America sank September 12th 1857 carrying 30,000 pounds of the precious resource. The disaster took the lives of over 400 people and contributed to the Panic of 1957. Using his scientific skills and charm, Thompson began reaching out to investors to fund an expedition to find and collect gold from the wreck of the ship. With an initial investment of 1.5 million dollars, Thompson began his expedition to find the treasure. With huge setbacks and pressure from investors, Thompson eventually had over 12 million dollars from investors. He was unwilling to give up, and on one fateful day in 1989, Thompson and his crew located the SS Central America. The haul was the biggest American treasure ever found. At the time, the gold was estimated to be worth around 1 billion dollars.

While Thompson had found the gold at the end of the rainbow, insurance companies began pouring in trying to claim that their former insurance policies of the ship entitled them to the treasure. With lawsuits continuously landing on Thompson's desk, his life was tied up in the complicated web of greed. Becoming paranoid, Tommy stored part of the haul in an undocumented and secure location.

Seven years after the discovery, an Ohio court ruled that 92% of the gold belonged to Thompson and his investors. In December of 1999, the bulk was sold for $52 million. Investors were disappointed and frustrated in the resale value, which led to lawsuits, accusations of deceit, and eventually a warrant for his arrest. Throughout the three episode special, viewers will get an indepth look at Tommy's life, success, and evasion of the law through first hand accounts and dramatic reenactments.

I had an early opportunity to check out Cursed Gold: A Shipwreck Scandal. The series, which benefits from an incredibly compelling and engaging story, perfectly drew me into the excitement and drama of Tommy Thompson's discovery of the SS Central America. The recount consists of Thompson's family, allies, and adversaries providing viewers with all sides of the incredibly fascinating story of greed. Showcasing Thompson's incredible mind, viewers will have the opportunity to decide for themselves whether he stole money from his investors, if and where he hid the gold he was accused of withholding from them, and whether he deserves to spend the rest of his life in prison. National Geographic definitely struck gold. I highly recommend you check out Cursed Gold: A Shipwreck Scandal when it premieres on September 8th.

To read the complete article, see:
TV Review — National Geographic Strikes Gold with "Cursed Gold: A Shipwreck Scandal" (https://www.laughingplace.com/w/disney-entertainment/cursed-gold-nat-geo-review/)

For more information, see:
Cursed Gold: A Shipwreck Scandal Sunday 8 September 20:55 CAT (https://www.natgeotv.com/za/shows/natgeo/cursed-gold-a-shipwreck-scandal)

VOCABULARY TERM: PRESSES, PART 1

Presses and Pressroom Practice. The machines in which coins and medals are struck and their operation. Presswork and presses replaced hammer coinage with coins created manually one blow at a time. Presses have evolved from manual hammer and screw presses to mechanical machines that spew out tens of thousands of pieces struck an hour in modern times. Factors of impression, speed, control and maintaining sustained quality have been important in press design and construction over the years. The pressroom – usually with presses of several makers or types – is where coins and medals come to life by die stamping under the watchful eye of a skilled pressman, the press operators and their foremen. As the need for coins increase, national mints have banks of coining presses, long rows of presses capable of spouting out large quantities of struck pieces.

Basic considerations. Presswork – striking and coining – all imply the manufacture of metal pieces by stamping with a press, the controlled force of form and image pressed into metal with dies. This process is cold coining, where the blanks are struck at room temperature (to transfer the design in the sharpest detail possible). Cold coining is in contrast to heating the blanks, called forging, (see drop forge). Striking a flat blank, as for coins and medals, is the meaning of coining (in metalworking); when more evolved work is performed, as bending or drawing, it is called pressing (outside the scope of this encyclopedia).

Historical Development of Striking Presses

For the first 2300 years of coinmaking, there were no presses. Coins were made one at a time by hammering. A blank of metal was placed between dies and a sledge was applied to the top die. Production was slow, and required the strength of a sturdy man who could wield a heavy sledge. With another workman willing to hold the two dies in place, remove struck pieces and replace with a fresh blank, the production was increased. This manual process, known as hammered coinage, proceeded under the management of a moneyer; it was the major method of coinmaking from 640 bc until as late as 1662.

Hammer press. Instead of a man wielding the sledge, why couldn't the sledge be lifted by a pulley and dropped down a channel to affect the blow? This was the concept Lenardo da Vinci (1500) had when he theorized how sheet metal could be blanked, and the blank be struck. His concept was brilliant, he had the same press doing both operations back-to- back, where the operator would do first one, then the other. We have no record that a Da Vinci press was ever built, but a press for striking only, similar to Da Vinci's concept, was used in Saint Petersburg, Russia, at an unknown time (probably long after more advanced presses were in use in Europe).

Primitive hammer presses (called klipwerk) were in operation for over a century in Germany and Sweden prior to 1763 when they were illustrated in a German encyclopedia. In Sweden the concept of the hammer was modified to a tilt hammer press. Powered by men or horses on a circular tread mill, the power was transferred by a capstan, this raised an arm with the hammer on the end; it would then trip and fall for the blow, the die slamming into sheet copper. The copper plates were heated before this striking, and the plate was moved from a center strike to the four corners where the die struck there as well, all in quick time. This is the well documented method of manufacture of Swedish plate money from 1644 to 1776.

Screw press. The screw press for striking coins was "invented" in 1506. An Italian, Donato Bramante (1444-1514) modified an existing press (perhaps a fruit or olive press) that year for striking lead seals for Pope Julius II (1503- 13). Renaissance artist Benvenuto Cellini used such a press in 1530, again for Papal seals, but further, he illustrated it in his book on goldsmithing.

The screw press was further developed by Max (or Marx) Schwab in Augsburg, Germany, in 1550, who also improved on the rolling mill and draw plates for preparing metal for blanking. The rolling mill was immediately accepted by goldsmiths in Germany, but Schwab wanted his equipment used for striking coins. He was unsuccessful in selling his equipment to the Venice Mint, where he first offered it, but the French ambassador learned of his improvements and ordered a set of his "engines" for the Paris Mint. These were installed in 1751 and operating early in 1752.

While the screw press was a major improvement it took more than a century to replace entrenched moneyers and hammered coinage. Moneyers fought the innovation despite the fact coins could be struck with a screw press in quicker time creating a far more uniform coin (and a better rim). The screw press was introduced at the London Mint in 1551, the moneyers revolted, the screw press rejected, and it was not until 1662, 111 years later that it finally was in full use there.

The same thing happened in France. Schwab's screw press was introduced to strike coins in 1552, but it wasn't until 1641 when coins were struck on a production basis. The development of the screw press, delayed for over a century, was then widely accepted at mints around the world. It was first powered by men, and continued so, but some mints adapted it for water power, then for steam power.

Roller press. Development of the roller mill led to the concept of impressing the rolled strip with the designs first, then blanking afterwards. The idea originated in Germany, but it was Nicholas Briot, who tried it first at the Paris Mint (1606-25), then at the London Mint (1633) and finally at the Edinburg Mint (1635-39). His concept was unaccepted until Edinburg where he accomplished coinage by roller die (taschenwerke). Despite these early attempts in Germany, Scotland and Spain, this form of coining never surpassed the mill and screw, of rolling the metal, cutting out the blanks first, then striking individual coins.

Development of Coining Presses

What the Industrial Revolution brought to coinmaking was the concept of how to do better repetitive steps, to improve the mechanization of striking coins. A blank had to be brought to a position where it could be impressed with both obverse and reverse dies, then the struck piece had to be ejected. A German, with great mechanical insight, best solved this task.

Uhlhorn adapts the knuckle-joint to coining presses. In 1812 Deitrich Uhlhorn of Grevenbroich, Germany, began experimenting with striking. Instead of one die going up and down (as on the screw press) he employed a knuckle-joint to allow one die to retract enough for the piece to be ejected, the next blank inserted, and the continuous action controlled by a flywheel. This was brilliant and it worked.

By 1817 Uhlhorn had perfected this press; he patents it and begins building presses in a factory he establishes. His first sale was to the Berlin Mint, followed by other mints as they learned of his new press. Uhlhorn, and his sons after his death in 1837, were to build more than 200 presses over a span of sixty years.

Knuckle-joint press improvements. With continued use, other improvements were adapted to Uhlhorn's knuckle-joint press. The layer-on of placing the blank in position was one of these improvements, as was the feeding mechanism. A Frenchman in 1833 in Paris, Thonnelier (first name unknown) was to do more to improve Uhlhorn's press than anyone. But he did not manufacture presses, he had no factory, he supplied drawings for presses to be built by local constructors.

The automatic feed eliminated exposure to loosing fingers as is present in all hand fed presses. Prepared blanks were fed by hand into a tube that brought the blanks into position. Later improvements were made by Taylor & Challen which made Uhlhorn-style presses under license. Even in the 20th century, as late as 1961, Horden, Mason & Edwards placed the toggle mechanism beneath the feed table for a final improvement.

Modern coining presses have reduced the size of the flywheel, enclosed the mechanism with a covering (no moving parts exposed) and have changed the feed to an indexing plate. Some presses continue a horizontal feed with vertical die movement; but one has a vertical feed with horizontal die movement. Modern presses are manufactured by Schuler and Grabener in Germany, by Reinhard & Fernau in Austria, by Heaton, Taylor & Challen, and Horden Mason & Edwards (now a division of America's Cincinnati Milacron) in England, by Raskin in Belgium, and by Arboga in Sweden.

To read the complete entry on the Newman Numismatic Portal, see:
Presses and Pressroom Practice (https://nnp.wustl.edu/library/dictionarydetail/516539)

LYSANDER SPOONER (1808-1887)

Lysander Spooner had a lot of ideas about capitalism and finance. He expressed some of these ideas in his 1861 book, A New System of Paper Currency. He suggested that money should not be in coins backed by the trust of the government, but rather, backed by physical property, such as mortgages. His "invention" was not broadly successful.

If Spooner had an opinion on something, he was likely to write a pamphlet about it. The Library of Congress lists 35 titles. He composed other manuscripts which were never published and have not survived.

Spooner was born on a farm near Athol, Massachusetts, on January 19, 1808. His parents were Asa Spooner (1778-1850) and Dolly Brown Spooner (1784-1845). From age sixteen to twenty-five, Lysander worked at the family farm. He left home to take a job in the office of Deeds and Records in Worcester, Massachusetts.

Spooner aspired to be an attorney. At that time in Massachusetts, a person with a college education could become an attorney if they "read law" for three years. A student would apprentice with an established judge or attorney. A student without a college education was required to read law for five years.

Spooner thought this was unfair and gave an advantage to people from wealthy families who could afford to go to college. Lysander began his study in 1833 at the law office of John Davis (1787-1854), later Senator and Governor of Massachusetts. In 1835, after only three years, Lysander set up a law office. The law was changed in 1836. Spooner did not make enough in his first year to cover expenses.

Spooner went West to Ohio to make his fortune in land speculation. He bought eighty acres of land along the Maumee River including the village of Gilead. Land could be acquired with a small down payment and payments were made with banknotes backed by mortgages. That bubble burst with the Panic of 1837 and Spooner lost his investments. He continued to believe that wealth could be linked to the ownership of land.

Spooner returned to the family farm to ponder what had happened. He blamed the Panic of 1837 on the government regulation of banks and rich capitalists. He advocated for small banks serving their local communities.

Spooner was annoyed with the high prices and government monopoly on mail service. He established the American Letter Mail Company in 1844 in competition with the United States Post Office. Spooner published The Unconstitutionality of the Laws of Congress Prohibiting Private Mails. His service was faster and cheaper than that of the government, However, the government put him out of business in 1851 with burdensome lawsuits. Spooner is given credit for forcing the Post Office to reduce their rates to three cents for a common letter.

Spooner is described as an individual anarchist. He thought the national Congress should dissolve to allow citizens to rule themselves. He advocated for communities of small property owners. He opposed capitalism, believing that capitalism exploited the labor of the working poor. He wrote articles defending Charles Guiteau who had assassinated President Garfield.

He turned his interests to the abolition of slavery. His pamphlet on The Unconstitutionality of Slavery was published in 1845. He supported an armed revolt of slaves against their owners. As a lawyer, he often took on cases for free including the defense of slaves who had escaped their masters.

On June 3, 1856, Spooner was granted a patent for "Improvement in Elastic Bottoms for Chairs and other articles." He commented in a letter to George Bradburn,

Spooner opened the Spooner Copyright Company in 1863. He intended to provide banks with his New System of Paper Currency and charge banks one percent for the use of his invention.

Following the end of the Civil War, spooner published in 1866 Proposed Banking System for the South. He believed this would increase wealth in the South.

In 1878 he wrote Gold and Silver as Standards of Value: The Flagrant Cheat in Regard to Them. In brief, Spooner thought that gold and silver coins have no real value and only become valuable when made into jewelry or plate. That same year, the United States Mint began to produce Morgan Dollars as a standard of value. These have now taken on a collectors' value far above their original face value.

The practice of law did not make Spooner a wealthy man. There were years when he survived on an income of $200 per year. He lived in a boarding house near the Boston Athenaeum where he wrote and studied. An unsigned obituary stated, "As a lawyer, he had few cases, and he lived in his later years principally upon an annuity from a wealthy brother (William) with whom he declined to have personal intercourse."

Later in life, he switched from publishing pamphlets to writing articles. In 1882 he defended the Mormons in an article in Liberty,

Spooner never married. He had relationships with women but poverty kept him single. He died at home in Boston on May 14, 1887, and is buried at Forest Hills Cemetery in Boston. Dozens of newspapers around the country gave him credit as "The Father of Cheap Postage," None gave him credit for reforms to paper currency.

How many banks issued notes backed by property or mortgages? Can any E-Sylum reader provide an image of a mortgage-backed banknote?

To read the American Numismatic Society's copy of the Spooner book on the Newman Portal, see:
A new system of paper currency. (https://nnp.wustl.edu/library/booksbyauthor/531757)

ERIC SCHENA INTERVIEW, PART SIX

ERIC SCHENA: Exactly. And there's a lot of scholars out there, putting shoe leather to ground, to go out there and doing all that legwork, trying to find all this stuff. I'll tell you another story. It's about my local town of Winchester. Many years ago, I was searching on eBay for random stuff around here. There was a ledger that showed up on eBay. And it was for a pre-Civil War bank that was based here. It was the Farmers Bank of Virginia at Winchester. And it was the board of directors meeting minutes from 1845 to 1849. It was on eBay. I bid on it. I won it. And I went to the dealer was local. So, I actually said, "Hey, why don't I just come by and pick it up?"

And so, I drove to his place. And he pulled it out and started talking about it. Showed me the book. And it was in tatters. It had condition issues. I started flipping through it, and it was all kinds of great material in it. It had vault inventories. They met every two weeks, every Thursday, if I remember correctly. Twice a month on a Thursday. And they would talk about all the bank's business. They would talk about loaning money to the fire damaged Taylor Hotel, which is now in the walking mall in Winchester. They would talk about returning spoiled banknotes back to the mother bank in Richmond for destruction. Things like that. All sorts of little pieces of information. It was all throughout it.

It would say that X number of $30 bills were in circulation. And, yes, that was a bank that used $30 bills. They were still in use. At that particular point in time. It would talk about them coming over the counter and stuff like that. And I started saying, this is a great resource. He looked at me and he said, you know, I'm glad that you bought this, because you see that signature? That's James Murray Mason. James Murray Mason, for those who don't know, was Virginia senator from 1847 to 1861. He co-authored the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850. He's a grandson of George Mason. And he was president of the Winchester branch of the Farmers Bank of Virginia for a number of years.

He also happened to have been on, he's one of the 11 senators who were kicked out of the Senate for being secessionist. And so, because he was an ardent secessionist, and he joined the Confederate government as a plenipotentiary to Great Britain. And he was in British waters on the Trent when a U.S. warship intercepted it and arrested him and a gentleman by the name of James Slidell and arrested them in British waters. Parliament was incensed about that. Almost enough to join the cause on the Confederate side.

And one of the things that Lincoln said to his war secretary was, please, one war at a time. Find some way of settling this. This book was signed by Mason. Not only was it signed by Mason, the presiding president of the director of the board of directors, meaning would have to sign each entry at the end of it to acknowledge that that is true and correct. He signed the book about 33 times. And this gentleman was telling me that what would have happened to that book had it not sold on eBay, is he would have sold it to an, to an autograph collector or a dealer who would have cut out the autograph and tossed the rest of the book. Because they would take the autograph, frame it with like some nice picture of some Civil War scene, and sell that for $200, $300, $400, $500 a pop. They would do that. Throw the rest out.

GREG BENNICK: It's like, we're not just stewards of history, I think that at times without inflating our own importance, I think it goes without saying that we, we need to continue doing the work, the study, the research, the collecting we do because you might be saving history. I mean, incredible.

ERIC SCHENA: Yeah, not only did I have that book digitized, it's available on the Portal as matter of fact. I shipped it out so it could get scanned. I do want scholars to be able to access it. One of the neat things is when Mason was elected senator, he had to resign his position as bank president, and his resignation was read into the minutes. And so, there's a copy of that in the minutes, his resignation letter. And I can't think of what a piece of history that is. And that is something that would have been tossed, because someone would have just wanted that signature.

GREG BENNICK: I'm so inspired by our conversation. I'm inspired to go back to my collection and just like study and read and think and go through my whole library and do all the same. This has been amazing.

ERIC SCHENA: Yeah, it's amazing stuff, and I want to encourage a lot of other collectors to get out there and look into their local histories. Go to their local archives. Drive around, drive around. Just look at old stores. Some people are friendly. When you want to talk to them about the history of their old store buildings. It doesn't have to be Virginia. It doesn't have to be a ghost town in the West. It could be anywhere. Dayton, Ohio has a huge history in numismatics through the Ingle system and other die strikers and sinkers.

Go to Dayton, Ohio, anywhere, any place, Texas, any state of the union. There are going to be thousands upon thousands of tokens. And they're going to be issued by regular people doing their jobs. They just wanted to get paid. A lot of this stuff is stuff that, 150 years ago they didn't think anything of it. It just disappears unless we as collectors and stewards of that history go out and find it and record it. And so that's what I have tried to do with my numismatic career.

GREG BENNICK: I am so glad that we talked today. This has been absolutely wonderful. Is there anything that you'd like to add before we sign off? Because I think that that's a perfect ending point for us today.

ERIC SCHENA: Well, all I would have to say is, I would like to thank my very understanding wife and also some really great numismatists for helping me along the way. Dave Schenkman, Wayne Homren, and my coin dealer and mentor, Gene Brandenburg. Find someone like those people. And I would encourage anyone watching this video to go out and find someone like Dave or Gene or Wayne and learn from them. They have a wealth of history, a wealth of knowledge and expertise that you can draw upon. Learn from them. Listen to them. And go out there and collect and preserve that history.

GREG BENNICK: Fantastic. Eric, thank you so much for taking the time to be with us today. Really appreciate it. On behalf of the Newman Numismatic Portal, I'm Greg Bennick. Eric Schena, thank you so much for taking the time.

ERIC SCHENA: And thank you.

About the Interviewer
Greg Bennick (www.gregbennick.com) is a keynote speaker and long time coin collector with a focus on major mint error coins. Have ideas for other interviewees? Contact him anytime on the web or via instagram @minterrors.

To watch the complete video, see:
Eric Schena Interviewed for the NNP by Greg Bennick (https://nnp.wustl.edu/library/book/639081)

To read the complete transcript, see:
Eric Schena Interviewed for the NNP by Greg Bennick (Transcript) (https://nnp.wustl.edu/library/book/639095)

To read the earlier E-Sylum article, see:
ERIC SCHENA INTERVIEW, PART ONE (https://www.coinbooks.org/v27/esylum_v27n28a18.html)
ERIC SCHENA INTERVIEW, PART TWO (https://www.coinbooks.org/v27/esylum_v27n29a19.html)
ERIC SCHENA INTERVIEW, PART THREE (https://www.coinbooks.org/v27/esylum_v27n30a20.html)
ERIC SCHENA INTERVIEW, PART FOUR (https://www.coinbooks.org/v27/esylum_v27n31a14.html)
ERIC SCHENA INTERVIEW, PART FIVE (https://www.coinbooks.org/v27/esylum_v27n32a10.html)

For more information, or to order, see:
Reclaim the Moment: Seven Strategies to Build a Better Now 1st Edition (https://www.amazon.com/Reclaim-Moment-Seven-Strategies-Better/dp/1394247680)

To visit Greg's website, see:
https://www.gregbennick.com/

NUMISMAGRAM MEDAL SELECTIONS: AUGUST 18, 2024

102856 | GERMANY. Silesia. Noah's Ark silver Medal. Issued circa 1736. On the desire for an end to famine (22mm, 3.08 g, 12h). By J. L. Oexlein in Nürnberg. BEFIEHL DEM HERREN DEINE WEGE (surrender yourself to the Lord...), Noah's Ark facing right upon the water; above, dove flying left, with olive branch in beak; in two lines in exergue, UND HOFFE / AUF IHN (...and place your hope in Him...) // ER WIRDS WOHL MACHEN (...for He will do it), seven worshipers on their knees in act of prayer; lighted altar between them; rainbow arcing across the sky above; representation of an ark (alluding to Noah's Ark atop Mt. Ararat) upon hill in background to right. Edge: Plain. F&S 4240; Erlanger 2751. Mint State. Lightly toned, with a great deal of brilliance radiating among the fields. A charming and fairly small medal that packs a great deal into its size. $435.

The precise sentiments of this small medal are not entirely known, as some have ascribed it to the plight of Salzburg emigrants, while others suggest an end to famine being experienced locally in Silesia. Given the iconography, a famine seems more likely given the cataclysmic effect of the flooding relating to Noah's Ark, but the religious sentiment is strongly recounted no matter the event commemorated.

To read the complete item description, see:
102856 | GERMANY. Silesia. Noah's Ark silver Medal. (https://www.numismagram.com/product-page/102856)

102805 | GERMANY. New Year's silver Medal. Issued 1801. Commemorating the new year (36mm, 13.90 g, 12h). By F. Loos at the Loos Workshop in Berlin. ALLES VERGEHT (everything passes), Chronos flying left, holding scythe and with hourglass on head; below, view of the tomb of Caecilia Metella in Rome // ABER / DIE LIEBE, / DIE LIEBE DES / EWIGEN, / LIEBE ZU GUTEN / MENSCHEN / VERGEHT NIE / DEM SCHEIDENDEN / UND / KOMMENDEN / JAHRHUNDERT / 1801 in 12 lines; all within border of stars. Edge: Plain. Strothotte 1801-10a; Marienburg 10030; GPH 5079; Sommer B-25/1. Mint State. Deeply toned around the devices, with intense prooflike brilliance in the fields; some scattered marks and hairlines are noted for completeness. $245.

This time-oriented medal rather appropriately features a depiction of Chronos, the ancient Greek representation of what we now refer to as "Father Time," with his characteristic long beard and scythe. Driving home this passage of time even further is the hourglass on his head and the Roman ruins over which he is flying.

To read the complete item description, see:
102805 | GERMANY. New Year's silver Medal. (https://numismagram.com/product-page/102805)

102534 | GERMANY. Köln (Cologne) Glockengasse Synagogue bronze Medal. Issued 1861. Most Remarkable Edifices of Europe series (59mm, 84.85 g, 12h). By J. Wiener in Brussels and struck at the Geerts mint in Ixelles. SYNAGOGUE ZU COELN EINGEWEIHT AM 29 AUGUST 1861, exterior perspective view of the synagogue building; E. F. ZWIRNER, ARCHIT in exergue // Interior perspective view of the synagogue; legend in two lines in Hebrew in outer left and right margins. Edge: Plain. Ross M239 (R3); van Hoydonck 182; Reinecke 28. PCGS SP-63. Rich red-brown surfaces, with great lustrous brilliance in the fields. One of the rarest and most elusive types in the series, and one with immense interest due to its crossover Judaica appeal. $1,195.

From what is today eastern Netherlands and western Germany, the Wieners were a Jewish family of exceptional medalists, especially known for numerous numismatic works throughout the Kingdom of Belgium. Eldest brother Jacob (Jacques), along with younger brothers Leopold and Charles, created some of the finest works of medallic art of the 19th century, and all are particularly noted for their work in the highly detailed and intricate work of architectural renderings.

To read the complete item description, see:
102534 | GERMANY. Köln (Cologne) Glockengasse Synagogue bronze Medal. (https://www.numismagram.com/product-page/102534)

102901 | ITALY. Umberto I/Ministry of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce bronze Award Medal. Issued 1890 (48mm, 12h). By F. Speranza at the Rome mint. UMBERTO I RE D'ITALIA, bare head left // MINISTERO D'AGRICOLTURA INDUSTRIA E COMMERCIO / AL MERITO INDUSTRIALE, seminude allegorical female figure seated left on anvil, holding hammer and wreath; gear in background to left; barrels, packs, and telegraph wires in background to right. Edge: Plain. lamoneta.it W-MZ51M6/12-1. PCGS SP-63. Rich brown surfaces and an incredibly prooflike appearance to the surfaces. Seemingly rather conservatively graded—by at least a few points—in the opinion of this cataloger. A fairly rare and highly enticing award medal. $295.

Issued just one year after the Ministry of Post and Telegraphs was established in Italy in 1889, this medal features wires in the background on the reverse—an interesting foreshadowing to the vast advancements in technology and the connected world in the ensuing century.

To read the complete item description, see:
102901 | ITALY. Umberto I/Agriculture, Industry and Commerce bronze Medal. (https://www.numismagram.com/product-page/102901)

HOLABIRD AUGUST 2024 AUCTION SELECTIONS

Here are the U.S. highlights:

Originally founded in June 1972 as the American Numismatic Association's authentication service, ANACS expanded into third-party coin grading in March 1979. This Confederate States of America 1861 half dollar Scott Restrike was certified April 25, 1980 by the ANACS: No. E-9473-D. The ANACS is of the opinion this is a genuine item, but doesn't comment on the grade. The coin appears in EF-AU condition, with a slightly flattened obverse. Only four original Confederate half dollars were struck (on a hand press). Regular silver planchets were used, as well as a regular federal obverse die. One of the coins was given to Secretary of the Treasury Christopher G. Memminger, who passed it on to President Jefferson Davis for his approval. Another was given to Professor J.L. Riddell of the University of Louisiana. E. Ames of New Orleans received a third specimen. The last was kept by chief coiner B.F. Taylor. Lack of bullion prevented the Confederacy from coining more pieces. The Confederate half dollar was unknown to collectors until 1879, when a specimen and its reverse die were found in Taylor's possession in New Orleans. E. Mason Jr., of Philadelphia, purchased both and later sold them to J.W. Scott and Company of New York. J.W. Scott acquired 500 genuine 1861 half dollars, routed the reverses, and then restamped them with the Confederate die. These restrikes usually have slightly flattened obverses. This coin is unique in its vintage authentication, in itself a major part of numismatic history.

To read the complete lot description, see:
1861 CSA Half Dollar Scott Restrike [185475] (https://holabirdamericana.liveauctiongroup.com/1861-CSA-Half-Dollar-Scott-Restrike-185475_i53677133)

Stunning 1883 one dollar gold piece. CAC certified PR64 CAM! Designed by James Baron Longacre; reeded edge; 14.3 mm; 1.7 grams; mintage: 207 in proof; 90% gold, 10% copper.

To read the complete lot description, see:
1883 Proof Indian Princess Head U. S. Gold Dollar [183593] (https://holabirdamericana.liveauctiongroup.com/1883-Proof-Indian-Princess-Head-U-S-Gold-Dollar-183593_i53677142)

CSA Type 1 $1,000 1861 Confederate States of America Written dates National Bank Note Company; 607 Issued; R-9. May 27, 1861. S/N 321 pp A. PMG certified 15 choice fine; cancelled, repaired. John C. Calhoun left; Andrew Jackson right. This is the only Confederate Treasury Note issued in this denomination. The plates for this desirable note were engraved and printed in New York City by the National Bank Note Company under contract prior to the hostilities between the Northern and Southern States. Your describer is amazed that with only a 607 issue rate almost 25% have survived in any condition. This note with great color and clear signatures (Clitherall/Elmore). Best to the winning bidder on this and the other 3 Montgomery notes.

To read the complete lot description, see:
CSA T- 1 $1,000 Written dates Nat. Bank Note Company [184390] (https://holabirdamericana.liveauctiongroup.com/CSA-T-1-1-000-Written-dates-Nat-Bank-Note-Company-184390_i53677177)

$500 1861 Confederate States of America T-2 Various/Elmore; S/N 229 pp A. PMG certified 15 choice fine; restoration. May 23, 1861. This is the 1st of only two $500 Treasury Notes. Also engraved and printed by the National Bank Note Company of New York City. A gorgeous vignette of a train crossing a bridge with cattle in the stream below... A beautiful note bold color and signatures This note is an R-8 any date...

To read the complete lot description, see:
CSA T- 2 Confederate States America $500 Written Dates [184391] (https://holabirdamericana.liveauctiongroup.com/CSA-T-2-Confederate-States-America-500-Written-Dates-184391_i53677178)

Type 3- $100 Written Dates National Bank Note Company . Montgomery Issue . May ?, 1861. Clitherall/Elmore; S/N 284 pp A. PMG certified 12 fine; repaired. Railway train center; Minerva left. Here is a wonderful example of the $100 Green and Black Confederate Note before the Capital of the Confederacy moved from Montgomery to Richmond. This note boasts serial number 284 of the 1,606 issued. There is only about a 12% survival rate. Rarity 8.

To read the complete lot description, see:
CSA T- 3 $100 1861 Confederate States of America 184392] (https://holabirdamericana.liveauctiongroup.com/CSA-T-3-100-1861-Confederate-States-of-America-184392_i53677179)

CSA Type 4 $50 Written Dates Issued April 5, 1861 to June 21, 1861 Cr. 4. R-8. S/N 1005 pp A. PMG certified 35 choice very fine. A gorgeous $50 Green and Black Confederate note is the fourth in the series of Montgomeries issued before the Confederate Capital moved to Richmond, VA. About 169 notes are known of the 1,606 issued.

To read the complete lot description, see:
CSA T-4 $50 1861 Confederate States of America [184393] (https://holabirdamericana.liveauctiongroup.com/CSA-T-4-50-1861-Confederate-States-of-America-184393_i53677180)

CSA T-35 $5 Dated September 2nd, 1861 Indian Princess Cr. 271, (R-9) PMG certified 12 fine; restoration. S/N 1894 pp AB. While about 7,100 notes were issued only about 100 notes are known today and they rarely trade... You may not see another come to market for many years... Here's your chance...

To read the complete lot description, see:
CSA T-35 $5 Dated September 2nd, 1861 Indian Princess Cr. 271, (R-9) [184409] (https://holabirdamericana.liveauctiongroup.com/CSA-T-35-5-Dated-September-2nd-1861-Indian-Princess-Cr-271-R-9-184409_i53677211)

Confederate note from Mobile Savings Bank, City of Mobile, Alabama, May 1862. $1 note. Criswell-C-335, R188-5. Apparent Grade-Very Fine+. Mobile $3 notes on verso. Great note! [Mobile] [Alabama]

To read the complete lot description, see:
Alabama Confederate Currency Cr-C-335, 1862 [184478] (https://holabirdamericana.liveauctiongroup.com/Alabama-Confederate-Currency-Cr-C-335-1862-184478_i53677258)

Unusual scrip? from BS Bowen in Waverly Tenn, 1863. Unlisted in Criswell and Haxby so very rare. "Will pay in Confederate notes 25 cents when $5 are returned". XF condition. [Waverly] [Tennessee]

To read the complete lot description, see:
B S Bowen Scrip, Unlisted, 25c [184712] (https://holabirdamericana.liveauctiongroup.com/B-S-Bowen-Scrip-Unlisted-25c-184712_i53677535)

HERITAGE ANA WORLD & ANCIENT SELECTIONS

KYLE'S PICKS
Kyle Johnson | Director of World Coins

Portraiture in the Austrian and German States Taler series advanced quite significantly from inception in the late 15th/early 16th century through the 19th century as artistic standards and technology evolved. The 1646 2 Taler of Archduke Ferdinand Charles is what I'd consider to be the apex of contemporary portraiture, rendered with great accuracy and detail. Only in mint state preservations are these types most appreciable, with the offering at hand likely to pique the interest of both the specialist and type collector.

To read the complete lot description, see:
Austria: Archduke Ferdinand Charles 2 Taler ND (1646) MS62 NGC (https://coins.ha.com/itm/austria/austria-archduke-ferdinand-charles-2-taler-nd-1646-ms62-ngc-/a/3118-34313.s)

Francophiles and Napoleonic history buffs will take particular interest in this Zara obsidional issue, struck during French occupation of the small but important Croatian city and fortress. During this two-week siege between Austrian and French forces in the Adriatic Campaign, emergency issues were struck with the 18 Francs 40 Centimes being the largest. The example on offer is one of the finer I've seen, punctuated by fully struck, instantly recognizable stamps to both faces, and should be considered a trophy for many.

To read the complete lot description, see:
Croatia: Zara. French Occupation Siege 18 Francs 40 Centimes (4 Ounces) 1813 (https://coins.ha.com/itm/croatia/zara/croatia-zara-french-occupation-siege-18-francs-40-centimes-4-ounces-1813-au50-pcgs-/a/3118-34407.s)

From a fairly extensive series of 5 Franc patterns, struck in the first year of the Second Republic as proposed coinage for the post-monarchy government. Many pieces from this series appear a bit crude, but those from the skilled hands of the Barre family are anything but. Showcasing a mastery of design and optimism for the new Republic, this piece is just one of three witnessed by NGC in silver, and the finest, making for a rare opportunity to own an example so fine.

To read the complete lot description, see:
France: Republic silver Pattern Essai 5 Francs 1848-A (https://coins.ha.com/itm/france/france-republic-silver-pattern-essai-5-francs-1848-a-ms65-ngc-/a/3118-34464.s)

ALEEZA'S PICKS
Aleeza Brown | Cataloger, World & Ancient Coins

For my first pick, I chose this stunning Abderian tetradrachm, which features a bold griffin highlighted by its luminous surfaces. Settled by Greeks from Teos, Abdera proudly displayed their connection to their motherland through shared imagery of the powerful mythological griffin on the obverse. Conversely, the reverse designs of this issue were innovative, often depicting puns or visual plays on the names of different magistrates. The tripod depicted on this coin is likely alluding to the magistrate's name Python, linking it to Apollo and the Delphic oracle, the priestess Pythia, and the Pythian games held every four years in Delphi, where a tripod was usually awarded to the victor.

To read the complete lot description, see:
Ancients: THRACE. Abdera. Ca. 375-345 BC. AR stater or tetradrachm (https://coins.ha.com/itm/ancients/greek/ancients-thrace-abdera-ca-375-345-bc-ar-stater-or-tetradrachm-25mm-1254-gm-1h-ngc-choice-xf-5-5-3-5-fine/a/3118-34056.s)

Next, I was drawn to this magnificent Mint State, Star, and Fine Style bronze issue from Camarina, Sicily. This coin is adorned with a fearsome and dramatic image of Medusa's head facing. Her carefully rendered wild snake-like hair, tongue protruding, and wide bulging eyes make it difficult to look away; however, the artist made her eyes look slightly to the right, protecting the viewer from her stony gaze.

To read the complete lot description, see:
Ancients: SICILY. Camarina. Ca. 420-405 BC. AE tetras (https://coins.ha.com/itm/ancients/greek/ancients-sicily-camarina-ca-420-405-bc-ae-tetras-18mm-411-gm-2h-ngc-msand-9733-5-5-5-5-fine-s/a/3118-34008.s)

And finally, while there were many contenders, I decided to pick this fantastic Fine Style and Star Nero sestertius struck on a handsome deep olive-green flan. This coin features a simplified yet detailed depiction of Nero's triumphal arch. Unlike his coins of the Temple of Janus and other examples that feature his triumphal arch, the rendering on this coin is exceptional. You can tell the artist put great effort into its quadriga, statues, and friezes, all while creating a visual balance and harmony to the piece.

To read the complete lot description, see:
Ancients: Nero, as Augustus (AD 54-68). AE sestertius (https://coins.ha.com/itm/ancients/roman-imperial/ancients-nero-as-augustus-ad-54-68-ae-sestertius-36mm-2983-gm-6h-ngc-choice-xfand-9733-5-5-4-5/a/3118-34255.s)

THELO'S PICKS
Thelo Lewis | Cataloger, World & Ancient Coins

More than anything, what I appreciate in a coin is a bit of personality. My favorite part of handling a coin is wondering about the people who traded it, what they bought, and—of course—who designed it. On this spectacular stater from Thurium, we get a bit of insight into the engraver in the form of a little finch just below the charging bull. HN Italy identifies the Syracusan Phrygillus as a potential identity for the engraver— "phrygilos" being the Ancient Greek word for finch. This sort of charming visual pun, known as a canting pun, brings extra life to a coin over two thousand years out of its time.

To read the complete lot description, see:
Ancients: LUCANIA. Thurium. Ca. 443-400 BC. AR stater (https://coins.ha.com/itm/ancients/greek/ancients-lucania-thurium-ca-443-400-bc-ar-stater-20mm-790-gm-4h-ngc-choice-xf-4-5-4-5-die-shift/a/3118-34006.s)

Next, we have a coin from what is, in my own opinion as a Classicist, one of the most interesting times in Roman history. This fiery Star quadrigatus was likely among the last didrachms minted in the Roman Republic. During the Second Punic War (218-201 BC) between Rome and Carthage, the Romans suffered devastating losses at the hands of Hannibal which caused a shortage of metal and consequently a sharp decrease in weight standards for coinage. Following this anonymous issue, there was an extreme debasement of silver coinage which was the catalyst for a brand-new system of coinage ca. 211 BC—that of the denarius, which would last for the next four centuries.

To read the complete lot description, see:
Ancients: Anonymous (ca. 225-214/2 BC). AR didrachm or quadrigatus (https://coins.ha.com/itm/ancients/roman-republic/ancients-anonymous-ca-225-214-2-bc-ar-didrachm-or-quadrigatus-21mm-688-gm-11h-ngc-choice-auand-9733-/a/3118-34216.s)

Finally, this exceptional Star and Fine Style Hadrian cistophorus boasts phenomenal attention to detail in the design of the octastyle temple. Despite its relatively small size, this coin nonetheless keeps every detail of the imposing ancient temples: from the miniscule figures in the pediment to the Nikes standing as acroteria. This coin is truly a marvel of ancient craftsmanship, whether it be as a tribute to those grandiose temples or as a relic of a time before modern numismatic tools.

To read the complete lot description, see:
Ancients: Hadrian (AD 117-138). AR cistophorus (https://coins.ha.com/itm/ancients/roman-imperial/ancients-hadrian-ad-117-138-ar-cistophorus-27mm-1066-gm-8h-ngc-xfand-9733-5-5-4-5-fine-style/a/3118-34258.s)

TITA'S PICKS
Tita Peterson | Senior Cataloger, World & Ancient Coins

A striking example of this 12 Denari type, the single-finest representative currently submitted to NGC. The central motifs retain impressive clarity, particularly on the obverse as John the Baptist is readily identified with his iconographic flowing hair and stylized diskos in hand. Polychromatic tone wraps around the periphery and into the crevices, adding visual spectacle to this centuries-old item.

To read the complete lot description, see:
Italy: Florence. Republic (1189-1532) 12 Denari ND (1189-1260) (https://coins.ha.com/itm/italy/florence/italy-florence-republic-1189-1532-12-denari-nd-1189-1260-ms64-ngc-/a/3118-34708.s)

Attesting to the rarity and visual ingenuity of Spanish Proclamation medals, this representative if one of just a handful of its type to come to auction in recent memory and certainly among the finer examples extant. Struck for the State of Hidalgo, the reverse design harkens to certain features of its mountainous capital Pachuca and the mine Real del Monte, the coins falling from Diana's hand an obvious allusion to the mineral production of the area. A strong offering in every sense of the word, still retaining much of its original splendor with an added touch of tone on the facets.

To read the complete lot description, see:
Mexico: Charles III silver "Pachuca y Real del Monte Proclamation" Medal 1761 (https://coins.ha.com/itm/mexico/mexico-charles-iii-silver-pachuca-y-real-del-monte-proclamation-medal-1761-ms61-ngc-/a/3118-34762.s)

Absolutely enviable in hand, this weighty Cantonal 2 Taler represents the larger "City View" series admirably, exhibiting the clarity and visual comportment one expects from a near-Choice designation. Luster reverberates across the surfaces, sending ripples through the olive and orange blossom tone on either facet. Only two representatives rank higher at NGC, an opportunity here to acquire the type before it jettisons to unattainable spheres.

To read the complete lot description, see:
Switzerland: Basel. Canton 2 Taler ND (c. 1670) (https://coins.ha.com/itm/switzerland/basel/switzerland-basel-canton-2-taler-nd-c-1670-ms62-ngc-/a/3118-34875.s)

Few and far between are Dutch proofs of the mid-19th century, which are becoming increasingly difficult to locate recently, especially in Gem grades. On offer is an impressive 1849 25 cents of Willem III, blessed with cameo appearances and one of just 5 witnessed by certification companies. A handsome specimen from the modern Dutch series.

To read the complete lot description, see:
Netherlands: Willem III 25 Cents 1849 (https://coins.ha.com/itm/netherlands/netherlands-willem-iii-25-cents-1849-pr65-cameo-ngc-/a/61425-23153.s)

From a series steeped in off-metal strikes and pieforts, we tend to see these in much larger denominations than the single stuivers. These issues, when brought to auction, are generally seen in gold, but rarely do we handle these Dutch minors struck on a double-thick planchet as seen here. A truly pleasing and curious emission for the specialist.

To read the complete lot description, see:
Netherlands: Overijssel. Provincial silver Piefort Stuiver 1739 (https://coins.ha.com/itm/netherlands/netherlands-overijssel-provincial-silver-piefort-stuiver-1739-ms62-ngc-/a/61425-23060.s)

This 60 Stuiver Klippe from the Siege of Breda of 1625 is an excellent example of a uniface Klippe with both a traditional circular impression displaying the arms of the United Provinces of the Netherlands as well as rather irregular counterstampings around its perimeter. Struck by Maurice of Nassau upon the besiegement of Breda by Ambrogio Spinola and his Spanish Forces, the striking material was sourced from gold and silver confiscated from the churches and townspeople of Breda in January of 1625. Breda surrendered In June 1625, and the surviving soldiers were given safe passage despite Spinola's knowledge that the Dutch had merely days left of survival. The victory marked one of the last major victories for the Spanish during the Eighty Years' War.

To read the complete lot description, see:
Netherlands: Breda. Siege silver Uniface Klippe 60 Stuivers 1625 (https://coins.ha.com/itm/netherlands/breda/netherlands-breda-siege-silver-uniface-klippe-60-stuivers-1625-au58-ngc-/a/61425-23010.s)

This 1575 20 Stuiver from the siege of Oudewater, while in more typical circular form, was struck in a rather unconventional metal: lead. As supplies of precious metals ran out, base metals with minimal value were utilized, often stripped from monuments, churches, and public buildings; even cannons were melted down and turned into coins. This representative is a particularly rare issue, struck during the siege of Oudewater by stadtholder Gilles van Berlaymont. Eventually Oudewater was burned to the ground, and over three-fourths of its population was wiped out. Typically struck in tin, these fascinating lead examples only surface at public auction every few years, with this very same piece accounting for two of those occurrences.

To read the complete lot description, see:
Netherlands: Oudewater. Siege lead Uniface 20 Stuivers 1575 (https://coins.ha.com/itm/netherlands/oudewater/netherlands-oudewater-siege-lead-uniface-20-stuivers-1575-au55-ngc-/a/61425-23016.s)

GADOURY OCTOBER 25-26, 2024 SALE, PART I

On 25 and 26 October 2024, Gadoury will hold two auction sales. The first auction will present seven collections. The material ranges from the ancient world to France, with coins from Marseilles and Brittany, as well as to coins of the Papal States, the Holy Roman Empire and Transylvania. You can look forward to many rarities – especially from Transylvania.

It is always impressive to see what collectors can achieve when they build up a collection for decades. They use their coins to reflect a certain era of a specific country. And a good collection will always contain both rare and common issues.

Éditions Victor Gadoury decided to honour the life's work of seven collectors in their upcoming auction sale by refraining from blending all coins together – instead, every collection was catalogued separately. Therefore, the first of the two autumn auctions that will take place in Monaco on 25 and 26 October 2024 will present a spectacular range of fresh material from various collections. Estimates range from the lower three-digit segment up to five-figure sums.

The Monsieur F. Collection of Ancient Coins

The auction starts with the collection of Monsieur F., a fan of classical antiquity with a particular love for Sicily and the Punic Wars. The focus of the collection is on Syracuse and Leontinoi, as well as on Carthage and the Roman Republic.

This section consists of 176 lots and includes a spectacular series of gold and electrum coins from Syracuse. At least as impressive are the ensembles of tetradrachms from Leontinoi and Syracuse of excellent quality.

Of course, the collector did not limit his collection to these focal points. He also bought coins from other areas of the ancient world, attaching great importance to rarity and quality. All the coins on offer were graded by NGC.

The Monsieur L. Collection of Ancient Coins and Medals from Brittany

With 28 lots, Monsieur L. assembled a small but exquisite collection. It is made up of two parts, ancient coins including all the classical coin types as well as coins from Brittany, minted between 1442 and 1547. The highlight is an écu d'or by Louis XII, who married Anne of Brittany in 1499, thus tying this duchy to France once and for all. All pieces were graded by NGC.

The Monsieur R. Collection of French Gold Coins

This brings us to France, the country that Monsieur R. was most passionate about. His collection includes 159 lots with French gold coins. The timeframe ranges from Charles V (1364-1380) to 1980. The focus is on royal and imperial issues. While many pieces have estimates in the mid-three figure range, connoisseurs will encounter some particular rarities: for example a double Henri d'or à la Gallia, struck in Paris in 1554, and a double piéfort with the childlike face of Louis XIV from 1644.

Coins from Marseilles from the Monsieur T. Collection

78 lots with coins from the mint of Marseilles – from the Merovingian denier to small change of the Second Empire – document the numismatic past of this well-known harbour city. This offer provides you with the opportunity to purchase coins at a favourable price as part of the collection is presented in carefully assembled multiple lots. You do not need to travel to Monaco to view these multiple lots as there is a depiction of every single piece.

Papal Piastres, Half Piastres and Testons from the Collection of a Coin Lover

Those who are interested in coins whose reverses show more than a coat of arms are sure to appreciate papal coinage. This also applies to the coin lover who assembled the fifth collection in this catalogue. You can look forward to impressive reverse depictions and extensive multiple lots.

The "Francis" Collection: Coins of the Habsburg Empire

Although the collection focuses on the 19th century, connoisseurs will come across some very early, very rare pieces such as a gold medal of six ducats minted in 1599 with the portraits of Rudolph II and the seven electors. However, most of the coins were created under the rule of other Habsburg sovereigns starting with Joseph II. The major part of them is from the mint of Vienna, but the collection also contains other mints such as Karlsburg, Kremnica, Milan, Prague, Sofia and Venice. A small series of Serbian coins complements the collection, which comprises a total of 150 lots.

The "Beyond the Woods" Collection with Coins from Transylvania

The undisputed highlight of the auction is the seventh and last collection with coins from Transylvania. Transylvania, which is at the geographical centre of Romania today and borders to the Carpathian Mountains in the east and the south, is currently one of the fields collectors are most interested in. Therefore, the 85 lots with coins from Transylvania will be in high demand, especially because they include some extremely rare and historically exciting pieces.

For example, the collection contains a tenfold ducat minted by Sigismund Rákóczi in 1607. Rákóczi was one of the richest men in the country and ruled for a short time before withdrawing to his personal life to avoid a civil war. His successor, Gabriel Bethlen, was very different, and the collection includes the spectacular 1629 double ducat of this ruler as well as two gold representational coins of 10 and 9 ducats respectively. A Calvinist, he made a pact with the Turks against the Catholic Habsburgs. With Ottoman support, he became a central figure in the Thirty Years' War. Whether he is described as an enlightened prince or a cruel plunderer depends on which country the historian comes from. In this regard, historiography still follows the propaganda of the Thirty Years' War.

The history of Transylvania is really exciting because it is still being the subject of hot debate today. The coins, however, tell the story of how a small region caught between the great powers of the West and the East managed to remain – relatively – independent of both for many years.

By the way, all coins were graded by NGC.

Please also take a look at our second auction preview with rare individual pieces from all over the world, from antiquity up to the 20th century.

You can order the catalogue at MAISON GADOURY NUMISMATIQUE, 57, rue Grimaldi, 98000 Monaco; phone: +377 93 25 12 96; fax: +377 93 50 13 39; email: contact@gadoury.com.

You can find the catalogue online at auction.gadoury.com, www.sixbid.com and www.numisbids.com. Of course, it is also possible to bid live on your computer at home via www.biddr.ch!

WAYNE'S NUMISMATIC DIARY: AUGUST 11, 2024, PART II

Here's more on my experiences at the American Numismatic Association summer convention, a.k.a the World's Fair of Money®.

People
Here are some of the people I ran into my first day at the show (Wednesday, August 7, 2024).

While I didn't get a photo, I had a nice lunch across the street at Gibson's with PCGS Grader Kyle Knapp, who was recently awarded ANA honorary Doctor of Numismatics at the 2024 Summer Seminar. Kyle is also a weekly E-Sylum sponsor and advertiser for his Auditorium Books store.

Here's Hunter Hicks at the CAC booth and Jeff Zarit proudly displaying his "railroad" of ANA convention bars.

Also at the Whitman booth, John Feigenbaum was holding a meeting with other Whitman staffers.

At the Künker Booth

Books
And I also spotted some books.

To read the earlier E-Sylum article, see:
WAYNE'S NUMISMATIC DIARY: AUGUST 11, 2024, PART I (https://www.coinbooks.org/v27/esylum_v27n32a15.html)

WAYNE'S NUMISMATIC DIARY: AUGUST 11, 2024, PART III

Here's more on my experiences at the American Numismatic Association summer convention - Thursday, August 8, 2024.

The Naseby Cup
My first event was a lecture by Ben Hellings on the Yale University Art Gallery's Naseby Cup, where I sat with Neil Musante and David Fanning and picked up a copy of the book on the amazing two-foot tall cup decorated with 72 coins, medals, badges, and counters from around the time of the English Civil War period (1642–51).

To read the earlier E-Sylum article, see:
NEW BOOK: THE NASEBY CUP (https://www.coinbooks.org/v27/esylum_v27n13a03.html)

The New England Threepence
David Fanning alerted me to the New England Threepence being offered by Stack's Bowers Galleries. I took a look at it on display at the SBG table.

Heritage
Across the aisle was the Heritage booth.

The U.S Mint

The Tyrant Collection

The NBS Symposium
At the NBS Symposium Bob Leonard spoke about the upcoming edition of the California Fractional gold book. Front and side view of Bob speaking with Len Augsburger moderating.

I'll stop there for tonight. More in future issues.

To read the earlier E-Sylum article, see:
WAYNE'S NUMISMATIC DIARY: AUGUST 11, 2024, PART I (https://www.coinbooks.org/v27/esylum_v27n32a15.html)

HOARD FOUND IN PLOVDIV, BULGARIA

In Plovdiv, in southern Bulgaria, archaeologists have discovered over 500 ancient coins and a gold template for making jewelry from different periods.

The coins were found during salvage excavations at the foot of the Old Town, in the Philipopol-Trimontium-Plovdiv historical zone, which is a group cultural monument.

Plovdiv is an ancient city built around 7 hills, in southern Bulgaria. It has been recognized as one of the oldest settlements in Europe, with evidence of habitation reaching as far back as the 6th millennium BC. Until relatively recently in its history, the city was known as Philippopolis as it was conquered by Philip II of Macedon during the 4th century BC.

Head of the excavations Desislava Davidova told BTA in an interview that coins are roughly 100 meters from Philippopolis' East Gate and most likely represent a small workshop, similar to the ones in the Revival period.

The coins found are mostly bronze and prove that the area has been inhabited for more than 2500 years. "The coins are subject to restoration and I cannot say if they are only bronze because sometimes silver coins have a thick patina and are difficult to identify in the field," Davydova explains.

A special inscription was also discovered at the beginning of fieldwork on the site. It is most likely an honorific inscription from a pedestal for a statue dating from the time of Emperor Septimius Severus (193-211), according to Dr. Nikolay Sharankov, a specialist in epigraphy. Also, a special team will be formed to analyze the inscription.

To read the complete article, see:
Archaeologists Discovered Over 500 Ancient Coins and A Gold Template for Making jewelry in Bulgaria (https://arkeonews.net/archaeologists-discovered-over-500-ancient-coins-and-a-gold-template-for-making-jewelry-in-bulgaria/)
Archaeologists Find 500+ Coins in Plovdiv's Old Town (https://www.bta.bg/en/news/culture/727079-archaeologists-find-500-coins-in-plovdiv-s-old-town)

HOARD FOUND IN GERMANY'S BLACK FOREST

Archaeologists in Germany have unearthed more than 1,500 medieval silver coins after a citizen unexpectedly noticed what looked like "small metal plates" while digging during a construction project.

The discovery "is the biggest treasure since 1949 in the region of Freiburg," Andreas Haasis-Berner, an archaeologist at the State Office for Monument Preservation in Stuttgart, told Live Science in an email.

The finding, which was made in May while workers laid pipe near a swimming pool in the municipality of Glottertal, bears clues to what the mining and minting trades looked like in the area 650 years ago, according to a translated statement from the Stuttgart Regional Council.

Back in 1949, archaeologists in Freiburg (also known as Freiburg im Breisgau) found about 5,000 coins from around the 1280s, but no medieval coins had been found in Glottertal, which is about 6 miles (10 kilometers) northeast of Freiburg. Glottertal sits in the Black Forest mountains in an area known for its picturesque valleys and dark pine forests, which are dotted with orchards and vineyards. Freiburg was founded by the House of Zähringen, a dynasty ruled by dukes from around 1120 to 1218. When the Zähringer line ended, the city was taken over by the House of Urach.

"Glottertal has been one of the most important mining areas for the dukes of Freiburg," Haasis-Berner said. "The site where the coins were found was a main settlement area for miners," who unearthed metals such as silver.

During the pipeline installation, Haasis-Berner received a call from Claus Völker, a Glottertal citizen who said he had found some coins during the construction project.

"The next morning, he examined the place a second time, and now, his wife found a huge amount," Haasis-Berner said. "Some hours later, I went to the place and dug about 1,000 coins." In the days after the initial discovery, a few experts were brought to the site with metal detectors. Despite the adverse weather conditions with rain and knee-deep mud, the team managed to retrieve 500 to 600 more coins.

At the time the coins were minted in the 14th century, "you could have bought about 150 sheep with the coins," Haasis-Berner said in the statement.

After a rough cleaning of the coins, the experts determined that the coins were likely minted in the 1320s and were mainly from what is now Germany, Switzerland and France.

To read the complete articles, see:
Massive medieval coin hoard worth 'about 150 sheep' discovered in Germany's Black Forest (https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/massive-medieval-coin-hoard-worth-about-150-sheep-discovered-in-germanys-black-forest)
The Largest Medieval Coins Treasure found in Recent Decades discovered in Germany (https://arkeonews.net/the-largest-medieval-coins-treasure-found-in-recent-decades-discovered-in-germany/)

SAMPLE SLABS HAVE GONE MAINSTREAM

Samples and Slabs at the 2024 ANA World's Fair of Money

As knowledge diffuses throughout the numismatic fraternity, it has become more difficult to find vintage and collectible slabs unattributed. Slab friends, we have gone mainstream. I saw numerous NGC white labels, Blanchards, and PCGS doilies, all priced at a premium. Even the NGC type 8 ("The Ocho") I have been championing, that was obscure so recently, now commands a small premium. One dealer, when asked about better holders, noted that material of that sort was well picked at the start of the show and I should expect to find little towards the end. You will still find scores, but the days when we could buy every sample we saw are over. A question to ponder: what item, whether numismatic or anything else, is now unappreciated and will be valuable in 10 years?

Of course, the ANA convention remains the best place in the world to find new samples. NGC expanded their popular grading contest into the new NGC Numismatic Triathlon. About 200 contestants answered questions on numismatic terms, then attributed coins, then graded coins. Holders went to all contestants, with special holders to the top five scorers in YN, YAN (Young Adult Numismatist), and adult categories.

PCGS held a breakfast Friday morning for the Set Registry Awards and Coin Dealer Hall of Fame Induction. About 50 people attended this event, where Christine Karstedt and Ron Gillio joined the Hall of Fame. All attendees received a holder pedigreed to the event with a 2024 Mary Walker quarter. 200 examples were made of this piece, which is part of the PCGS luncheon series. Note the reverse includes a Stacks Bowers CMQ (Certified Market Qualified) sticker. Five people chosen by drawing received the even more generous gift of a PCGS swag bag that included PCGS merch and a similar holder with a Silver Eagle. PCGS art director Keith Dewald put together the labels, signage, tickets, and other event art on short notice. The event, and the entire Set Registry program, is entirely free.

A LAKI PAINTING ON A SRI LANKA BANKNOTE

Many know that the late Laki Senanayake's paintings were used for the flora and fauna series of Sri Lanka Currency notes issued with the date 1979-03-26.

When I met Laki in November 2019 at his hideout Diyabubula, to discuss the publication of a book on the artwork, he mentioned that he had been commissioned to submit designs for the higher denomination Rs 500 and Rs.1000 notes that the Central Bank of Ceylon (CBC) issued with a date of 1981-01-01. Laki said his designs for these two notes had not been used, and the CBC issued notes with a historical and archaeological theme.

I have serendipitously noticed that the lower part of the portrait back of the Rs.500 which was issued in 1981 was almost the same as the lower part of a Bradbury Wilkinson essay drawn by Derek Friday of Laki's painting, I had won at the Noonan's London Auction on May 29th. So BW & Co had in fact used part of Laki's painting on the 1981 Rs 500 for which it was commissioned. Even Laki had not known.

This part of the Rs 500 design continued to be used till 1990. This was a truly amazing discovery of an unknown Laki painting used on a Sri Lanka banknote.

To read the complete article, see:
An unrecognised Laki painting on a Sri Lanka banknote (https://www.sundaytimes.lk/240804/plus/letters-to-the-editor-4-565725.html)

For more information, see:
1981 - Sri Lanka - Flora and Fauna Laki Senanayaka Painting Bradbury Wilkinson Essay (https://notes.lakdiva.org.lk/cbc/1979lkff/essay/)