Content presented in The E-Sylum is not necessarily researched or independently fact-checked, and views expressed do not necessarily represent those of the Numismatic Bibliomania Society.

WAYNE'S WORDS: THE E-SYLUM MARCH 18, 2018

New subscribers this week include: John Potterat, courtesy of Ken Bressett, Al Foerder, Welcome aboard! We now have 5,035 subscribers.

Thank you for reading The E-Sylum. If you enjoy it, please send me the email addresses of friends you think may enjoy it as well and I'll send them a subscription. Contact me at whomren@gmail.com anytime regarding your subscription, or questions, comments or suggestions about our content.

This week we open with three new books, updates on the Newman Portal and the Medallic Art Company dies, and an artwork by Laura Gardin Fraser.

Other topics this week include Robert Ready's Replicas, Popsicle tokens, the American Legion coins, a possible 16th century coin cabinet, and coin designer Stuart Devlin.

To learn more about Reeded Edge Half Dollars, French Indo-China banknotes, U.S. dimes from the Col. Green collection, Carpathia Captain Arthur Rostron's Congressional Gold Medal, the Celtic Coinage of Britain, virgin metal, Hobbies magazine, and the 1792 Barbados Halfpenny token, read on. Have a great week, everyone!

Wayne Homren
Editor, The E-Sylum

NEW BOOK: REEDED EDGE HALF DOLLAR DIE VARIETIES

Even with 425 copies of Dick Graham's fantastic book "A Registry of Die Varieties of Reeded Edge Half Dollars 1836-1839" produced, there are still too few collectors that know about Reeded Edge Halves. I am attempting to inform additional collectors with my new book entitled "Reeded Edge Half Dollars 1836-1839 - R-4 to R-8 Die Varieties.

The book covers the history of previous authors on the subject and includes extra large photos of the 17 rarest die varieties (not including 1838-O, a proof only issue). There are 38 photos, usually 6" in diameter, along with arrows pointing to the most obvious attributes. The book has protective Mylar covers along with a spiral binding that allows you to open the book and lay it flat to see both pages of a particular die variety. The book has 43 numbered pages and covers my purpose along with Rarity designations. The last section covers the more common die varieties.

It is now available for $29 which includes shipping and handling. If you would like a copy, please send a check or money order to:

Jim Koenings
P.O. Box 2382
Riverside, CA 92516

If you would like your copy sooner, you can send payment through Paypal to my email address of bustcoin1@verizon.net .

NEW BOOK: STUART DEVLIN

Darren Burgess writes:

I have never written a book review before and the task for this hefty 529 page pictoral history of Devlins work is eased by the beautiful depictions within the pages. To say I’m a Devlin fan is probably an understatement, his work drew me from coin collecting to arts and sculpture and I have many pieces of his work.

This recently released hardcover masterpiece was assembled by Devlin’s wife Carole and her sister Victoria Kate Simkin after a health scare saw Devlin relent on his negative thoughts on publishing a book. The now 86 year old Order of Australia medal recipient and jeweller to the Queen has achieved so much in his life which is all featured with the pages of this book.

The book begins with a Foreward from Windsor Castle with His Royal Highness Prince Philip Duke of Edinburgh praising the efforts and achievements of Devlin in his lifes work. In each chapter the book carries on documenting much of his work with stunning pictures -it’s almost a Devlin dictionary!

Stuart Devlin is the designer of Australia’s decimal coins first issued in 1966, these were his first coin designs he went on to design coins for over 36 countries! Winning the competition to design Australia’s new coins is said to have transformed Stuart Devlin’s life.

As a Devlin collector this book opened my eyes wider seeing the sheer scale of the items Devlin produced. It’s also help me date and read more about pieces I’ve seen and pieces in my own collection. This book was definitely a must-have for my library. A surprise was that Stuart Devlin designed houses! He did so for the likes of Mick Jagger and H.R.H Princess Margaret. The finale of the book is the extensive biography, more detailed than ever seen before with photos of his private life too.

This publication has a recommended retail price of £75 or $225AUD but I was able to pick up my copy for half that price. Overall this is the most detailed and concise compilation of his work that has gone to print.

To read the complete article, see:
Stuart Devlin Designer Goldsmith Silversmith 2018 -Book Review (https://www.australian-coins.com/books/stuart-devlin-designer-goldsmith-silversmith-2018-book-review/)

To visit Renniks Publications, see:
https://www.renniks.com/home.aspx

In 1963 a competition was held to design the new Australian decimal coinage that was to be introduced in 1966. The new decimal coins were to replace the pre-decimal coinage that had been in circulation since 1910. Six competitors vied for the honour of designing these new coins.

One of these competitors was Geelong born artist and goldsmith Stuart Devlin. Devlin and the five other entrants met monthly in Sydney to discuss their ideas and designs offering each other constructive criticism. Stuart Leslie Devlins designs featured Australian native fauna hoping this would be well accepted by the Australian public. Stuart Devlin was announced the winner with the 1 cent coin featuring the feather-tailed glider, the 2 cent a frilled neck dragon lizard, 5 cent a spiny echidna, the 10 cent a lyrebird, the 20 cent duck billed platypus and the 50 cent Australian Coat of Arms.

To read the complete article, see:
Coin Designers Stuart Devlin (https://www.australian-coins.com/collecting-coins/coin-designers-stuart-devlin/)

NEW BOOK: FRENCH INDO-CHINA BANKNOTES CATALOGUE

One of my first errands when I was recently back in Viet Nam was to go visit the shop of Nguyen Huynh The Vinh at 27 Nguyen Thi Dieu in District 3 on my first Saturday morning. He is only open on weekends. I am quite familiar with the shop because my friend, Nguyen Huong Quoc used to have it for his numismatic shop before he moved back to the USA with his family.

When I arrived, the shop was closed but there was no notice published about the closing. There were three other collectors sitting outside drinking coffee at a nearby street cart. I joined them and learned that Vinh frequently closed his shop with no notice. I enjoyed a little time with my friends and then went back to my serviced apartment at Sedona Suites.

I emailed Vinh and he replied that he had to go out on a buying trip and yes, he did not give anyone notice about closing his shop. I told him that was not a good way to treat his customers. Every Saturday I was in Ho Chi Minh City and had free time, I emailed Vinh about my visiting his shop and he told me he would be closed, so I never got to visit his shop.

At one of the Sunday morning collectors' meetings at the Fine Arts Museum café someone told me Vinh had just published a book about French colonial bank notes. I told that person to please acquire a copy for me. At the next meeting, he had several copies and sold one of them to me.

The book is titled Vietnam and French Indo-China Banknotes Catalogue, Section One, French Indo-China Banknotes Catalogue. It was printed by Nha Xuat Ban Tong Hop, in Ho Chi Minh City in 2018 with 265 pages. It is hardbound with very nice covers and thick glossy pages that we might call a coffee table book. It is in English and Vietnamese.

I noticed the notes are all in black lettered PMG slabs from the author's collection and his name has been photoshopped (?) on the label. He does not own most of the early notes so those pages do not have illustrations. So this book is just a representation of a collection and the information about each note appears to be from Kolsky & Muszynski and Pick but there is no Bibliography. Being a cataloger, I hate to be critical of another cataloger, but I emailed Vinh with several questions about the book but to date, I have not received a reply.

This book looks impressive and has excellent illustrations but there is no other reason to own it. It can be purchased from Mr. Nguyen Duc Viet, who can be contacted at viet@ueh.edu.vn. It is heavy (25 x 30cm) book so be prepared to be shocked by the cost of the postage. Mr. Viet is an old friend who has assisted me in printing some of my past catalogs. He is planning to sell many numismatic and philatelic books on his website.

COL. E. H. R. GREEN PAPERS ON NEWMAN PORTAL

Eric P. Newman and Burdette G. Johnson’s acquisition of coins from the estate of Col. E. H. R. Green is a well-known story in American numismatics, one that greatly contributed to the formation of one of the greatest American collections. The lion’s share of the best federal coins in the Newman collection originated with Green, and were prominently featured in the Newman II sale in November 2013, conducted in New York by Heritage Auctions.

Held by Newman since the 1940s, the Green estate coins attracted substantial attention, in particular the magnificently toned U.S. silver coinage. In total, the Newman II sale realized $23.4 million. Newman’s involvement with the Green collection began on August 12, 1939, when currency dealer D.C. Wismer wrote to Newman “I am sending my list of my original collection of Missouri notes sold to the late Col. E. H. R. Green.” In offset type, suggesting it was added as an afterthought, Wismer writes “I do not wish to have this reported of broadcast.”

Newman did not broadcast it, but three days later penned a letter to the administrators of the Green estate inquiring as to the possibility of purchasing the Missouri currency from the estate. From there, the rest is history, as Newman and Burdette Johnson had their pick of the Green collection and purchased substantial portions over the next several years. Detailed in this archive are Newman’s extensive correspondence and purchase records from the estate.

Image: Record of U.S. dimes purchased from the Green collection by Newman & Johnson. Listed here are two of the three known 1792 pattern dismes in silver.

Link to D.C. Wismer correspondence on Newman Portal:
https://nnp.wustl.edu/library/archivedetail/514234

Link to Col. E. H. R. Green estate papers on Newman Portal:
https://nnp.wustl.edu/library/archivedetail/525101

NEWMAN PORTAL SEARCH: JUNE 7, 1776

This week a Newman Portal user searched on “June 7, 1776.” I’ve seen enough Newman Portal searches to know this is most likely in reference to a colonial paper money issue. Indeed, that is the case, as June 7, 1776 indicates a Connecticut currency issue of $200,000. The 5th edition of Eric P. Newman’s Early Paper Money of America is available on NNP and contains a summary of this currency issue:

Bills were denominated from one shilling up to two pounds. The issue was cataloged as early as 1872 in John Haseltine’s Description of the Paper Money issued by the Continental Congress of the United States and the Several Colonies. “June 7, 1776” also appears in various places in the Newman correspondence, for example in 1967 he wrote to Captain V. L. Bigsby of Washington, DC:

Image: Connecticut one shilling note, issue of June 7, 1776, from Early Paper Money of America

Link to Early Paper Money of America (5th edition):
https://nnp.wustl.edu/library/book/523311?page=115

Link to John Haseltine’s Description of the Paper Money….:
https://nnp.wustl.edu/library/book/520719?page=13

Link to Newman/Bigsby correspondence:
https://nnp.wustl.edu/library/book/520562?page=16

MORE ON THE MEDALLIC ART COMPANY DIES

Two of last week’s article resonated with me because of recent additions to my medal collection. The first was the article on Adam Pietz, which was a follow up on the previous week’s piece featuring the video of the Philadelphia Mint in 1940. Along with footage of Pietz, we briefly see Chief Engraver John Sinnock working on the clay model of the obverse of the FDR Presidential Medal, which was actually the second version he had done of Roosevelts portrait, entering production late in his first term (why is Sinnock working on it in a film made five years later?).

The connection to Pietz? Well, I recently bought an example of his rare 1933 medal of Roosevelt. It’s unknown whether this was an unsuccessful competitor with Sinnock’s medal(s), or an independent effort by Pietz, the mint’s number two engraver. A nice job, though I think Sinnock’s does a better job of capturing the President.

The second connection was with the article detailing the sale of the assets of the Northwest Territorial Mint and the Medallic Art Company, specifically the Medallic Art dies. You have to have a bit of unease at the thought of Society of Medalist and other historical dies ending up in the wrong hands (China, anyone?). The old/new Medallic Art was already monetizing the old dies. Last year, they began offering restrikes of various SOM issues, priced at an aggressive $250 – doubt they sold too many at that price point.

What got my attention, though, was their offering of a bronze restrike of the Congressional Gold Medal awarded to Captain Arthur Rostron of RMS Carpathia, rescue ship of the Titanic. This is not an easy medal to find. A search of the Newman Numismatic Portal turns up only one sale, a bronze example in a 1985 Presidential Coins & Antiques auction. Nothing in the Heritage or Stacks/Bowers online archives or in the ANS collection database. You can understand Medallic Art’s enthusiasm for marketing the medal.

Less clear is their legal standing to do so. While Congress authorized a gold medal for Rostron, they did not authorize the striking of any copies. I would be surprised if they actually owned the dies; they were bought and paid for by the United States, and are likely the property of the Treasury Department. Use of public property for private profit is generally frowned upon.

And then there’s the cryptic reference to this medal in the blog following the NWTM/Medallic Art saga. In his March 12 post, the author talks about the scrap value of the various dies. He then writes; Next comes the Medallic dies, which are large, heavy, and have historical value (such as the die for a coin that was given to the captain of the ship that picked up 700 Titanic survivors... a die that some NWTM employees are very familiar with).

Hmmm. Curious and curiouser. You’ll be happy to know, though, that I overcame my qualms and bought an example last fall for a cool $150, plus shipping, before the doors closed. It will be interesting to see if any more turn up.

To read the About.ag blog on the Northwest Territorial Mint:
http://about.ag/NWTMint.htm

To read the earlier E-Sylum articles, see:
U.S. MINT SCULPTOR-ENGRAVER ADAM PEITZ (http://www.coinbooks.org/v21/esylum_v21n10a12.html)
NORTHWEST TERRITORIAL MINT ASSET SALES (http://www.coinbooks.org/v21/esylum_v21n10a15.html)

LAURA GARDIN FRASER'S ROOSEVELT PLAQUE

David Luftig of New York City writes:

The Long Long Trail

One of the most prolific female sculptors of the early 20th century, Laura Gardin Fraser is known in both the art and the numismatic worlds. Besides numerous medals she is probably best remembered for her designs of several classic commemoratives, some of which were designed together with her husband, James Earle Fraser.

To read the complete article, see:
The Life and Work of Laura Gardin Fraser (http://news.coinupdate.com/the-life-and-work-of-laura-gardin-fraser-3389/)

NEW YORK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT DEDICATION MEDAL

Prompted by the recent exchange in The E-Sylum on medallic orientation I took a very suspect medal into the monthly luncheon of the Golden Eagles of the Ozarks' Coin Club on Friday March 9th. Here is a report that will be published in The Flying Eagle, the monthly newsletter of the club later this month.

The 1948 New York International Airport Dedication Medal was shown to the members and passed around the room with the question: Is the reverse oriented properly or not? One member, Don Eggerman figured it out. This is the medal; 3-inch version.

There is a small version of this medal and it is HK-499. The 1st edition (1963) of the So-Called Dollar catalog by Hibler & Kappan described the reverse as "Clouds at top above large radar-like installation." The 2nd edition (2008) got it right; "Clouds at top above layout of roads and runways at airport."

But is the 'top' the top? There are clues it might not be. Should not the bottom legend split the bottom of the medal? Not off-center into the lower right quadrant. But the biggest clue of all is the arrow pointing North in the far right field. If the medal is realigned so the arrow actually points North, that automatically brings the legend to the bottom of the medal splitting left and right.

See the result to the right. Once this is done the Jamaica Bay coastline becomes geographically correct and not a horizon line. The sculptor could have helped the orientation by making his water lines run West-East rather than Northwest-Southeast. Although from an aerial POV water would usually just look flat.

Of course, to add to the confusion the arrow on the medal points to True North while the airport is laid out to magnetic north. The angle of declination at JFK is 12.99°W. I’m sure the sculptor did not have a clue about that issue. So when the little arrow is pointing straight up i.e. True North, the layout of the airport is off 13 degrees clockwise. Another 'which way.' (I think I have my airport geometry right.) For those with local knowledge, the road coming out of the cloudbank is the Van Wyck Expressway.

This medal has confounded many people over the years including the team that struck it at The Robbins Co. There they organized the obverse to match the coastline of Jamaica Bay on the reverse as if it were an horizon line. And thus creating the 'large radar-like installation.' The two horizontal runways that almost match Jamaica Bay's coastline helped add to the illusion. They struck thousands with this orientation.

On December 24, 1963 the airport was renamed John F. Kennedy International just one month after Kennedy's assassination and from then on would be known simply as JFK. Two years later I worked as a ticket agent at TWA in their wonderful JFK Terminal Building designed by Aero Saarinen. He designed the Gateway Arch in St. Louis.

The building was recently purchased by a hotel chain and they are remaking it into the TWA Hotel opening in 2019. 505 rooms. It is on my bucket list to spend a night there in luxury and to remember the miserable nights I spent there curled up in a steel chair in the agents' locker room waiting for late plane arrivals.

To read the complete article, see:
TIPS ON COIN DESIGN ORIENTATION (http://www.coinbooks.org/v21/esylum_v21n08a14.html)

NOTES FROM E-SYLUM READERS: MARCH 18, 2018

More on Anamorphic Perspective
Regarding the viewing of coins from an angle to see new perspectives intended by the designer, author Bob Van Arsdell writes:

To read the earlier E-Sylum articles, see:
VIEWING COINS OBLIQUELY (http://www.coinbooks.org/v21/esylum_v21n09a18.html)
ON ORIENTING AND VIEWING COINS (http://www.coinbooks.org/v21/esylum_v21n10a13.html)

Hetrich’s No. 10600 Civil War Token
Bob Rightmire writes:

Susan Trask writes:

Fuld Patriotic Token 200/346
Images courtesy Q. David Bowers

John Ostendorf writes:

Bob Rightmire adds:

For information on the Civil War Token Society, see:
http://www.cwtsociety.com/

To read the earlier E-Sylum article, see:
QUERY: WHICH HETRICH-GUTTAG TOKEN IS NO. 10600? (http://www.coinbooks.org/v21/esylum_v21n08a24.html)

Query: Guttag Brothers Store Card Information Sought
Bob Rightmire writes:

Query: "One Tongue" Token Information Sought
Bill Miller of Denton, MD writes:

To read the earlier E-Sylum article, see:
NOTES FROM E-SYLUM READERS: MAY 28, 2017 : More On the Mystery Item Struck on Civil War Token (http://www.coinbooks.org/v20/esylum_v20n22a14.html)

Query: Polish Medal Identification Sought
Chris Bower of Indianapolis, IN writes:

"MILLE ANNOS AMORIS PATRIAE" is
"Love of country thousands of years"

"PAX ET LIBERUM" is "PEACE AND FREEDOM"

"MILLENNIUM" "966" "1966"

Chris Bower adds:

Origins of the Word "Znachki"

Joseph Alan Barnosky writes:

To read the earlier E-Sylum articles, see:
NEWMAN PORTAL ADDS ALASKAN ZNACHKI BULLETIN (http://www.coinbooks.org/v21/esylum_v21n04a05.html)
SOVIET ERA RUSSIAN ZNACHKI (http://www.coinbooks.org/v21/esylum_v21n04a30.html)

On the David Litrenta Tokens
Pete Smith of Minneapolis writes:

To read the earlier E-Sylum article, see:
NOTES FROM E-SYLUM READERS: MARCH 11, 2018 : David Litrenta Token (http://www.coinbooks.org/v21/esylum_v21n10a14.html)

St. Patrick's Day Teaser

It’s Irish. Looks like a medallic object. But what is it? Answer below.

It’s a coverware serving dish. It does look like a medallic three-leaf clover, but the “petals” are cavities for serving food. It’s a $1,500 art creation by Evs Zeisel.

STEVE ROACH INTERVIEWS RUSS DOUGHTY

Steve Roach of Coin World writes:

Q: How did you start coin collecting?
A: Some of my earliest memories involve digging through my great-grandfather’s coin collection. He was a banker in Talihina, Oklahoma, in the 1940s and 1950s and had many of those blue Whitman folders which he was trying to fill for his grandchildren. My great-aunt remembers him bringing home bags of cents from the bank and searching them. No one ever knew exactly what he was looking for, but undoubtedly, he was trying to fill as many holes as he could in the albums. Mercury dimes were my favorite coins at that time, and my mother loved them, too.

Q: How did you discover your passion for Indian Head cents?
A: I became interested in Flying Eagle and Indian Head cents (IHCs) after completing my Lincoln cent set. IHCs were always one of my favorite coins and as a kid, my favorite belt buckle had several on prominent display. There is something about the color of the bronze planchet and the Indian Head design that I love. Before I started collecting IHCs, I dabbled a little bit in Lincoln cent die varieties, so when I started collecting IHCs, I knew a little bit about die varieties already. Soon, I was swept away into the wonderful world of die varieties on IHCs and searching for them added a new, challenging dynamic to my collecting. I’m always excited to find an IHC with a known die variety, or even better, to discover a new one. There are more varieties out there waiting to be discovered in the IHC series, so keep your eyes peeled. Who knows, you may even discover a new overdate!

Q: What made you write The Top Flying Eagle and Indian Head Cent Die Varieties and what makes your book different?
A: My motivation for writing my book stems from my desire to help bring people into the hobby and make it more enjoyable for collectors. The goal of the book is to introduce what die varieties are and how they are made in a simple way that is suitable and affordable for all ages. My book fills a niche in that it is the only Top Variety guide for the Flying Eagle or IHC series. It works in conjunction with www.indianvarieties.com, where I’ve listed all known varieties and posted over 4,000 images. As we know, younger generations are increasingly consumed by their computers and mobile phones so I’ve worked very hard to bring these two series into that digital world through my website.

Q: What’s the toughest thing about writing a book, and what advice would you give to new authors?
A: Organizing the text and graphics so they are informative and easy to read was a real challenge. My goal was to minimize the white space on the page by making the pictures and text as large as possible. I’d tell new authors to make sure you understand copyright laws and use publishing software where you can create templates so a design change can be applied to all pages. Invite others into your project to help and seek funding sources like the Central States Numismatic Society author grant program. Finally, make a final decision on the format and size of your book before you start laying it out. And have fun!

To read the earlier E-Sylum article, see:
NEW BOOK: FLYING EAGLE AND INDIAN CENT VARIETIES (http://www.coinbooks.org/v21/esylum_v21n10a03.html)

ROBERT READY’S BRITISH MUSEUM REPLICAS

This statement was in a recent E-Sylum [Italics added]:

These replicas were electrotypes created by a museum employee. Hired in 1859, Robert Cooper Ready (1811-1901), replicated objects – including coins – in the Museum's collections. After first casting these Ready turned to electroforming the coins, because of the sharper detail he could obtain by this process. In his lifetime Ready made over 22,000 of these coins; his sons, Augustus P. and Charles Joseph Ready carried on after him. Each signed their electrotypes, RR by the father R and MB (reversing British Museum initials) by the sons.

Ready’s replicas were so exquisite it was hardly possible to distinguish from the originals. (It is rumored that collectors occasionally paid more for his replicas than the originals.) The practice of electrotyping coins was halted and replaced by plaster casting in the 19th century. Using plaster casts was satisfactory for studying the image, but of course, unsatisfactory for studying the metal surface, toning and patina.

Many books, however, were illustrated with photographic plates, composed entirely of plaster casts. Perhaps this should be discussed in a future E-Sylum. But for now we should recognize the Ready family for their outstanding lifetime achievement. Their replicas rest in museums for generations to view, to study, and advance numismatic science.

To read the earlier E-Sylum article, see:
BRITISH MUSEUM EXHIBIT: MONEY AND MEDALS (http://www.coinbooks.org/v21/esylum_v21n08a22.html)

Joe Cribb adds:

Benjamin Alsop writes:

VOCABULARY TERM: BULLION

Bullion. Metal with all impurities removed; usually in ingot form and prior to any step of manufacturing. Bullion may be any metal, notably in pure form, but is often considered as precious metal only. The metal for all coins and medals must at some prior time have been in bullion form. Makeup of the composition for intended coinage metal, called FORMULATION, may include some form of alloyed metal – as previous coins melted for reuse, or some form of scrap metal – or it may be virgin metal (as direct from the refinery). Any of this metal may be called “bullion.”

Refinery bullion. Refineries prepare metal by purifying it, separating if from other metals or mixing it to a needed formulation. Virgin metal is never pure when it comes from ore, nature has a way of mingling metals in their natural state. Man’s task is to separate these. Metal derived from ore is first granulated then treated by a variety of physical and chemical processes.

After purification the molten metal is poured into molds and allowed to cool. These cooled ingots are cleaned of surface impurities (wire brushed or filed) if necessary and marked in some way. Most ingots are marked with a PUNCH or punches to identify the refiner, the weight, the purity, any marks the refiner wants to identify that ingot (as perhaps, a serial number or melt number).

Ingots can then be stored, shipped, transferred to another operation (as rolling mills, wire mills, tube mills or however the metal is to be fabricated). For coinage metals bullion ingots are shipped to a mint.

Coinage bullion. When preparing for a coinage metal, bullion is ASSAYED for precious metals or analyzed for base metals to determine its exact metal content. It is then combined by precise weight to form the required metal ALLOY composition. For precious metal coins – gold, silver, platinum – these assays are very precise to meet the exact requirements for coin metal standard (FINENESS), usually prescribed by law. For other alloys, particularly base metals, as bronze and zinc, there may be more leeway, called TOLERANCE.

This formulated mixture is melted (in a mint’s melt shop) and agitated to form a homogeneous new alloy. The molten metal is poured into molds (open or book molds) to cool forming ingots, sometimes called fillets. These ingots are surface wire brushed to remove the burrs, then swaged (end flattened) to be able to feed them into a ROLLING MILL to be rolled into strips.

A physical imperfection in the bullion at this time is not serious (since the physical form will change); a chemical imperfection in the bullion, however, is serious as it may continue through rolling and blanking, and even into the final pieces after striking. See INGOT.

Bullion that is incorrectly formulated is called BULLION BLUNDER. It may have a slight color variation but this error is very difficult to discern unless a chemical analysis is made. Alloyed metal that is not blended correctly is called INHOMOGENEITY; such metal may display off color streaks in strips, blanks or even struck coins.

Ownership of bullion has become popular with the public, specifically for investment. In small amounts this desire has been fulfilled by the manufacture of BULLION COINS, BULLION MEDALS and COINED INGOTS. These are sold to investors who like to take physical possession of the pieces themselves. Even national mints have struck bullion coins and medals to meet this demand, first supplied by gold Krugerrands from the South African Mint beginning in 1967.

The appeal of diestruck bullion pieces – coins, medals or ingots – is their guarantee of purity, their convenient form for any transaction, and their convenient size, in fractions or multiples of an ounce. Both buyers and sellers are willing to accept the standards usually stated on the piece. It is not necessary to assay such coined bullion pieces for purity and weigh at every transaction. Those facts are stated right on the piece.

The easy availability for more than a century of bullion from metal suppliers has eliminated the custom of jewelers and craftsmen from melting coins as a source of their metal. Silver, for example can be obtained as fine silver (.999), STERLING SILVER (.925), COIN SILVER (.900) or any specialty alloy.
CLASS 06.1

REFERENCES:
NE12 {1917} FREY (P 35) QUOTES 16TH & 17TH REFERENCES.
NE42 {1982} DOTY (P 42) BULLION AS BACKING FOR PAPER MONEY.

Looking for the meaning of a numismatic word, or the description of a term?  Try the Newman Numismatic Portal's Numismatic Dictionary at: https://nnp.wustl.edu/library/dictionary

OTTO CURTIS LIGHTNER (1886-1950)

Otto C. Lightner is best known as the publisher of Hobbies, The Magazine for Collectors, the successor to Philatelic West. Through his magazine he did much in promoting various fields of collecting, autographs, antique furniture, china, silver, stamps, coins and paper money, buttons, dolls and just about anything collectible. His stamp and coin departments were important in the history of American numismatics which were run by various celebrities over the years and filled with a rich assortment of articles and advertisements.

Otto Curtis Lightner (1886-1950), was born on July 2, 1886, Norwich, Kingman County, Kansas, son of James Edwin Lightner (1854-1930), a merchant and native of Pennsylvania, and Maria Catherine Hoover (1861-1946), a native of Ohio.

The Lightner family were part of the American colonial period when German Lutheran immigrants who fled religious persecution went to London, Surrey, England, and many migrated to both Ulster County, New York, Canada, and into Pennsylvania.

Beginning with Nathaniel Ignatius Lightner (1709-1782), and his father Johann Adam Lightner (1678-1736), whom the latter was born in Germany, came to America first settling in Ulster County, New York before finding their way into Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Johann Adam Lightner fought during the American Revolutionary War. Otto C. Lightner was a member of the Sons of the American Revolution.

He grew up in Wichita City, Kansas with his four brothers...

On July 2, 1904, his eighteenth birthday, he delivered a speech titled : "How Christian Endeavor Will Influence the Future Destiny of Our Country," at the Christian Endeavor Rally held on the nomination of Theodore Roosevelt for President.

In September 1904 he was elected to the Young Men's Republican League.

In June 1905, he bought out a wholesale stock of millinery goods, running advertisements in the Wichita Daily Eagle, looking to hire two experienced street men and two traveling salesmen, selling hats, call third floor, National Bank Building.

In 1906, he began his career as a typesetter for a Kansas City newspaper, The Daily Journal.

In 1911, he was the president of the Associated Trade Press Company, Room 305, 123 East 6th Street, Cincinnati, Ohio.

On February 12, 1920 he started his own company the Lightner Publishing Company, New Orleans, Louisiana. His first periodical was titled Strawberry Items, published for strawberry growers.

In April 1922 he published the Peanut Promoter, for the peanut growers, but was soon sued by Colonel John F. Penner, Secretary of the Suffolk Peanut Company, for libel. When Penner saw Lightner on the street he struck him several blows.

In 1930, about the time of the death of his father, he purchased Philatelic West, and began with Volume 36 but renamed the publication Hobbies, The Magazine for Collectors.

In 1930, Chicago held its first annual Antiques Exposition and Hobby Fair, which inspired Lightner to not only attend with an exhibit and booth for Hobbies not only to help launch it but also to include a strong antiques focus in the magazine.

The first numismatic editor of Hobbies was Clay Lewis Huntley (1881-1965), a salesman, who joined the ANA in 1932 in order to attend the annual convention held that year in Cincinnati, Ohio, and to write a detailed report for Hobbies.

On August 20, 1947, Lightner bought the old Hotel Alcazar in Saint Augustine, Florida to open as a Hobbies Museum.

Lightner tragically killed a 7 year old child hitting her with his car. The Times, Tuesday, March 7, 1950, page 5

He died on June 9, 1950, three months after that fatal and tragic car accident, at Presbyterian Hospital, Chicago, Illinois. He is buried at the Lightner Museum, Saint Augustine, St. John's County, Florida.

To read the complete article, see:
LIGHTNER, OTTO CURTIS (https://sites.google.com/a/numismaticmall.com/www
/numismaticmall-com/lightner-otto-curtis)

The Lightner Museum

The Lightner Museum is housed in the former Alcazar Hotel built in 1888 by Henry Flagler. Today it is home to one of the best collections of fine and decorative 19th century art in the country.

St. Augustine's "Lightner Museum of Hobbies" opened in 1948 with the collections of "Gilded Age" artwork, antiques and curios of Otto C. Lightner. As once-proud Chicago estates were put up for auction or sold for taxes during the Depression, Lightner quickly purchased the collections of millionaires that had been acquired over a lifetime.

The current mission of the Museum is to preserve, maintain, research and interpret the Museum’s collections for the educational benefit of the visiting public. The Museum is a non-profit cultural institution sustained by admissions and donations, and it is supported by a dedicated staff of volunteers.

From typewriters to Tiffany, Otto Lightner’s collection of fine and decorative art from the 19th century is impressive and extensive.

The Museum’s eclectic collection ranges from a mummy, shrunken heads, human hair art, cigar labels, buttons, salt and pepper shakers, to Tiffany glass, cut glass, porcelain, fine art paintings, furniture and sculpture all housed throughout the four floors of the original Alcazar Hotel.

For more information about the Lightner Museum, see:
http://lightnermuseum.org/

To read Hobbies on the Newman Numismatic Portal, see:
https://nnp.wustl.edu/library/publisherdetail/523056

The entire inventory of the Lupia Numismatic Library is for sale. Individual items will be available before the remaining archives are broken up into parcels sold at philatelic auctions in the U. S. and Hong Kong. Check NumismaticMall.com frequently as dozens of new items with estimates will be posted daily until everything is sold.

All inquiries will be given prompt and courteous attention. Write to: john@numismaticmall.com .

POPSICLE TOKENS

Dick Johnson writes:

David Hill writes:

Another ANS Harlow token: "Hold Your Man"

An ANS Adam Peitz medal of Jean Harlow

To read the earlier E-Sylum article, see:
U.S. MINT SCULPTOR-ENGRAVER ADAM PEITZ (http://www.coinbooks.org/v21/esylum_v21n10a12.html)

RECOVERING OLD OBSOLETE COMPUTER FILES

NOT SO VERY LONG AGO, web designers’ ambitions outstripped the infrastructure of the internet, so they had to resort to physical media to help carry their ideas. Dial-up modems were pokey, and the sluggish speed couldn’t handle large images or streaming video. “People did all sorts of projects that were too heavy for the live web,” says Tim Walsh, a digital archivist at the Canadian Centre for Architecture (CCA).

One workaround to make these projects possible was to separate a website from the web. “A simple solution was to simply burn all the the HTML, JavaScript, and other large files to a CD-ROM,” Walsh says. These sites spent much of their lives offline—viewable only when a user met the hardware requirements listed by the creator and then inserted the CD. Today, with a decent connection, online video and all sorts of other functionality rarely stumbles. In the march to high-speed wi-fi, browser-based applications, cloud computing, and computers that have no need for CD-ROM drives, some older digital artifacts have been left in the dust. In some cases, it’s as though they’re written in a dead language, so accessing their content can be tricky.

The digital world continues to expand and mutate in all sorts of ways that will orphan and otherwise impair file formats and programs—from ones long forgotten to ones that work just fine today but carry no guarantees against obsolescence. Instead of a patchwork of one-off solutions, perhaps there’s a better way to keep old software running smoothly—a simpler process for summoning the past on demand. A team at the Yale University Library is trying to build one.

DIGITAL ARCHIVISTS DEAL WITH LEAST two broad categories of artifacts. There are analog objects or documents scanned into a second, digital life—digitized maps, for instance, or scanned photos. The other objects are natives of the digital world. These files can include everything from a simple compressed image to a game on a CD-ROM to a CAD design for a skyscraper. The relentless march of new versions and new platforms makes obsolescence a constant presence, from as soon as digital objects are conceived.

RESEARCHERS AT YALE ARE WORKING to solve this problem by creating a kind of digital Rosetta Stone, a universal translator, through an emulation infrastructure that will live online. “A few clicks in your web browser will allow users to open files containing data that would otherwise be lost or corrupted,” said Cochrane, who is now the library’s digital preservation manager. “You’re removing the physical element of it,” says Seth Anderson, the library’s software preservation manager. “It’s a virtual computer running on a server, so it’s not tethered to a desktop.”

Instead of treating each case as a one-off, like digital triage, this team wants to create a virtual, historical computer lab that’s comprehensive and ready for anything. Do you have a CD-ROM that was once stuffed in a sleeve on the cover of a textbook? A snappy virtual machine running Windows 98 might be able to help you out. “We could create any environment that we needed,” Anderson says. The goal is to build an emulation library big enough that there’s a good fit for any potential case—with definitive, clear results. Cochrane said the integrity should be strong enough that “you can take an old digital file into court as evidence.”

Len Augsburger of the Newman Numismatic Portal writes:

To read the complete article, see:
The Quest for a Universal Translator for Old, Obsolete Computer Files (https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/how-to-open-old-computer-files)

To read the earlier E-Sylum article, see:
AN OLD BUT NEW LOOK AT THE BOOK (http://www.coinbooks.org/v21/esylum_v21n10a31.html)

RUTGERS DIGITIZES ROMAN COIN COLLECTION

The Rutgers University Libraries have digitized an invaluable collection of 1,250 coins from the ancient Roman Republic, some dating to the beginning of coinage – and just time for the Ides of March.

The digitization of ancient coins is not some retro version of Bitcoin. Through a collaboration of classical scholarship and super high-resolution photography, the goal was to make multi-angle views of these coins – some of copper, some of bronze, silver or gold, all bearing fascinating engravings – available for study by scholars and students while protecting the originals.

Anyone with an Internet connection can now zoom and pan all 1,250 digitized coins free of charge, via the Coins portal. Visitors to the Alexander Library at Rutgers University–New Brunswick can view several of the actual coins, along with reproductions of the new digital images, at an exhibit opening March 23 in the Scholarly Communication Center.

The Badian Collection of Coins of the Roman Republic is named for Ernst Badian, the late Harvard University professor who donated the vast collection to Rutgers thanks to his connection to Brennan, who was his student.

“The Libraries, the Classics Department and the School of Communication and Information all collaborated to make this happen,” said Ronald Jantz of the Shared User Services unit of the Rutgers University Libraries, who oversaw the digitization project along with Brennan.

The bulk of the work was done by Rick Hale, a classics doctoral student in the School of Graduate Studies, four library school students from SC&I, and several part-time library employees. The digitization, description of the coins, and upload to Rutgers Institutional Repository (RUcore) spanned about four years and required patience, skill, knowledge of ancient coins, advanced technology and improvisation.

“At first, showing multiple angles for each coin meant we had to manipulate them manually — shoot straight on, move the coin a few degrees, shoot that image, and so on,” Hale said.

Although the multiple-angle approach did have some advantages, the Coins team switched to taking images of the obverse and reverse of each coin in order to expedite the imaging process. Late in the project, Aaron Hershkowitz, also a classics doctoral student, joined the team and brought with him a knowledge of a new technology “reflectance transformation imaging,” or RTI, with which Hale and Hershkowitz began to experiment toward the end of the project. In RTI, the coin is placed inside an LED-studded dome, making it possible to shoot multiple views by manipulating the lights, not the coin. The RTI technology holds great promise for continuing to improve the coin imaging process.

To read the complete article, see:
Rutgers Digitizes Roman Coin Collection, Making it Accessible to the World (https://news.rutgers.edu/news/rutgers-digitizes-roman-coin-collection-making-it-accessible-world/20180314#.Wq8A_yjwaAv)

THE AMERICAN LEGION COIN DESIGN PROCESS

Celebrating the American Legion—and America’s Veterans—With Coins
by Dennis Tucker, CCAC

What comes to mind when you think of the American Legion?

My thoughts go to my family and World War II. Many of my uncles served in the Army and Navy during the war, in places far distant from their homes in central New York. While they were in Europe and on the high seas, the rest of the family was thousands of miles away, doing their part for the war effort on the home front. Newspaper articles tell how my Grandma Tucker and other wartime moms and wives baked and held events for local military associations. By that time the American Legion was already more than twenty years old—chartered in 1919, in the fresh wake of the world’s last huge war, before my uncles were even born. For the United States, World War I had lasted about a year and a half, April 1917 to November 1918, and it involved four million service members and their families and communities. In World War II we fought two years longer than that, December 1941 to August 1945, and rallied the efforts of more than sixteen million U.S. troops. It was after this second global conflict that membership in the American Legion boomed, nearly doubling. In the 1940s the Legion had more than three million members.

My mind also goes to a very tangible symbol of the American Legion: its circled-star emblem. I imagine everyone who has ever looked through Grandpa’s cigar box of military medals, old coins, and war souvenirs has seen the American Legion emblem, on a hat or lapel pin, challenge coin, or other memento. I have one of my Uncle Marshall’s membership badges.

Even without that direct family connection, people across the United States are familiar with the circled- star emblem. There are nearly 14,000 American Legion posts active in communities in every state of the nation plus the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Philippines, France, and Mexico. They are a robust presence and a strong force for civic good, offering scholarships, education, advocacy, health services, mentoring, emotional support, and other valuable programs.

The American Legion was founded on four pillars: veterans’ affairs and rehabilitation; national security; Americanism; and children and youth. These pillars are embodied in Legion programs that benefit our nation’s veterans, its active service members, their families, the youth of America, and everyday citizens.

The American Legion’s Commemorative Coins and the CCAC

Monday, March 12, 2018, I flew to Washington, D.C., for a next-day meeting of the Citizens Coinage Advisory Committee. The American Legion was very much on my mind.

The CCAC was formed by Congress in 2003 as a public organization that advises the secretary of the Treasury on designs and themes for all U.S. coins and medals. The committee’s members hail from Washington State and California in the West, New York and New Jersey in the East, and points in between. There are eleven of us, each one representing the interests of the general public as well as coin collectors, and several drawn from specific disciplines and areas of expertise. Many of us are longtime active numismatists.

On this particular day in March at United States Mint headquarters on Ninth Street in Washington, our agenda included planning for a three-coin suite of commemoratives celebrating the 100th anniversary of the American Legion.

By the time we convened, the Mint’s program managers had already met with leaders of the American Legion. Artists from the team of medallic sculptors at the Philadelphia Mint, and from the Mint’s Artistic Infusion Program, had contributed their creativity to a portfolio of design proposals for the three 1919–2019 coins: a copper-nickel half dollar, a silver dollar, and a gold $5 piece. We members of the CCAC had received a dossier of these designs, sixty-four in total, in advance of our meeting. We came prepared to discuss their merits in a public forum and in conference with the American Legion, and to make our formal recommendations to the secretary of the Treasury.

Approaching the Coin Designs: “Getting it Right”

We were honored to have the Legion’s executive director, Verna Jones, present at the meeting, along with Chanin Nuntavong, deputy director for media relations. Jones is the first female executive director of the American Legion. She spoke passionately about how the Legion wants its commemorative coins to represent all two million–plus of its members, and therefore its leadership leaned away from designs that show faces—because, for example, featuring just one ethnicity would leave out many others. Jones emphasized the weight and significance of the Mint’s design process, and the importance of getting it right. A 100-year anniversary only comes around once. “We have one opportunity to show inclusion,” she said, noting that women were allowed to vote for the American Legion’s national commander before they could vote for the president of the United States. The older, white, male veteran is “only one part of the American Legion,” she said. It’s interesting to observe that Jones and Nuntavong, our two organization liaisons at the CCAC’s public meeting, are an African-American woman and an Asian man—reflections of the diversity Jones spoke of. “I want the coins to represent everyone whose blood, sweat, and tears made the American Legion what it is,” she told us.

Reviewing and Analyzing the Designs

Before the Mint’s artists started sketching for this program, the Mint had encouraged them to submit design proposals as obverse/reverse pairings. This strategy, developed in recent years, avoids some risks and challenges inherent in two separate artists creating one side each of a given coin. For example, two individually excellent designs might have jarringly different styles. Or they might both have higher-relief areas that would be coined opposite each other on the planchet, resulting in poor metal flow and a shallow strike. In theory a skillful artist, envisioning the entire coin, obverse and reverse, can plan a more coherent and coinable result.

Our advisory committee, however, was not forced to stick to those proposed pairings. Committee member Jeanne Stevens-Sollman, a highly respected American sculptor, and one of only a few living recipients of the J. Sanford Saltus Award for Outstanding Achievement in the Art of the Medal, remarked on the complexity of the portfolio. She approached our task by choosing six designs she felt worked to tell the American Legion’s story.

As I reviewed the design proposals, my mind kept returning to the importance of the American Legion’s emblem—that symbol that every Legion member, every military family, and every person who has benefited from its programs, is familiar with. To me it was crucial that at least one of the three coins feature the emblem prominently as its main design device.

I also felt it was important to show the emblem in its entirety. Each part holds a specific meaning, and to use some as design elements while leaving others out does a disservice to the emblem’s intent. The sun’s rays, seen along the outermost edge, “form the background of our proud emblem and suggest the Legion’s principles will dispel the darkness of violence and evil.” The wreath, forming the center, is “in loving memory of those brave comrades who gave their lives in the service of the United States that liberty might endure.” The star, “victory symbol of World War I, also symbolizes honor, glory and constancy.” The larger of two outer rings stands for “the rehabilitation of our sick and disabled comrades,” while the smaller inside ring denotes the welfare of America’s children. “The smaller of two inner rings set upon the star represents service to our communities, states, and nation. The larger outer ring pledges loyalty to Americanism.”

In particular I liked obverse 5 of the silver dollar designs. It shows the Legion’s emblem but in an artfully stylized manner, with oak leaves symbolizing strength and the lily for devotion and memory.

I studied how the American Legion talks about itself today. How does it tell its story? Leading up to our meeting I spent a lot of time on the Legion’s web site, www.Legion.org. There the organization tells its story through people, sharing the personal experiences of its members—a human-interest approach. Several of the proposed coin designs show portraits and scenes of veterans, young and old. Many of those are emotionally compelling, and several committee members were drawn to them. But we understood the Legion’s desire to use more symbolism, rather than human figures.

Committee member Robert Hoge, our member specially qualified as a numismatic curator given his museum leadership with the American Numismatic Society and the American Numismatic Association, advised the Mint’s artists to use bold designs. “Coins are small,” he cautioned. He also observed that grayscale, which can make a beautiful drawing, “isn’t appropriate to indicate depth on a coin.” For this particular program he encouraged the use of the American flag, and approved of the Eiffel Tower as an instantly recognizable symbol of Paris, where the first American Legion post was started. Other designs used the Arc de Triomphe, and several committee members commented on the weaker symbolism of that landmark for this particular program: the famous arch stands for its own specific wars and military victories.

Committee member Erik Jansen—an engineer, scientist, and co-founder of a medical-device firm—described his disappointed reaction to the packet of designs: “Nothing came together.” He laid out his general thinking when it comes to three-coin commemorative programs: the $5 gold piece is “the over-arching big picture” of the subject matter; the silver dollar is the “trophy,” the big seller, the coin that deserves the boldest and best design; and the copper-nickel half dollar he sees as the “fun, light,” kid- friendly option, the least expensive and therefore most accessible of the coins. For the American Legion commemoratives, he recommended an energetic and “youthful” style, avoiding messages of loss and sacrifice. “I want an active verb,” he said, “not a sad memoriam.”

Committee member Mike Moran, well known for his deeply researched articles and books on American numismatic history, echoed Bob Hoge’s warning about the size of the actual coins—“the five-dollar gold is the size of a nickel.” It’s one thing to design a coin, or to critique a design, blown up to a six-inch diameter. It must always be envisioned reduced to a much smaller planchet. Moran made an example of obverses 4 and 10 for the gold coin: “Use one head, not two.” He rejected the Art Nouveau approach of obverse and reverse 6 of the silver dollar, saying the style hasn’t aged well.

Committee member Heidi Wastweet, a talented and recognized artist and current president of the American Medallic Sculpture Association, offered observations on several designs, noting that some sketches proposed as obverses worked better as reverses, and vice versa. She also queried the Mint’s management on technical points of frosting and polishing of dies. She pointed out places where the artists relied too much on shading, which can give depth to a drawing, but which can’t be translated to the metal of a coin (outside of very limited effects given by frosting and polish).

Committee member Donald Scarinci, our longest-serving member and one of the greatest private collectors of art medals in the United States, gave dramatic condemnation to the portfolio of designs. His advice to the Mint was to reject them all and start over, calling them “the worst group of coin designs” he’d seen in years. To our American Legion liaisons, he recommended aggressive marketing in order to see the surcharges that come from a profitable program, implying that none of the proposed designs had the merit to easily sell themselves.

Committee member Tom Uram, a well-known life member (and recently elected governor) of the American Numismatic Association, singled out some favored designs from the portfolio. He also drew attention to the “V” in gold obverse 3, which ties back to the World War II commemorative coins of the early 1990s, and he observed that the legend “God and Country” was considered as a motto for our national coinage during the American Civil War.

Committee chair Mary Lannin, an active scholar of ancient coinage and a member of the Industry Council for Tangible Assets’ anti-counterfeiting task force, remarked on gold obverse 5’s resemblance to the iconic American Legion pin, and gave her endorsement to the preferred choices of our liaisons.

Our Votes for the American Legion Commemorative Coins, and Our Recommendations to the Secretary of the Treasury

Every member of the Citizens Coinage Advisory Committee agreed that this portfolio of designs, as a whole, was lacking. While it offered some examples of very good artwork, it also included sketches that wouldn’t translate well into coinage, some retreads of styles we’ve rejected in the past, and designs that just didn’t work on a number of levels.

April Stafford, the Mint’s chief of design management, has explained to us that their goal is to “minimize the Mint’s fingerprint” in the artists’ creative process—to give the committee as many designs to review as possible. This, of course, is after the Mint’s own vigorous series of legal and technical reviews, which can shape and guide the designs before we see them, making sure they’re coinable while also meeting the mandates of their legislation.

After much discussion and analysis, including dialogue with our American Legion liaisons, we leaned heavily toward the Legion’s preferred design pairings. Executive Director Jones identified the following preferences from the organization’s leadership.

• For the gold coin: obverse 3 (“with its important symbolism”) and reverse 4 (honoring “the ultimate sacrifice”). (Although obverse 5 for the gold coin is iconic and instantly recognized, she observed, “Every member already has the emblem on pins, challenge coins, and other collectibles.”)

• For the silver dollar: obverse 5 (“a beautiful coin”) and reverse 11 (she noted the importance of the theme of 100 years of service).

• For the half dollar: obverse 5 and reverse 6, a pairing that has the pledge of allegiance starting on the obverse and continuing to the reverse.

Part of our process in coming to a recommendation for any given coin is to take a weighted vote after we discuss and analyze each design proposal. In this case, our votes strongly affirmed the preferred designs of the American Legion. We did recommend one modification, for the top center of the silver dollar reverse: change the large keystone (part of the Arc de Triomphe’s architecture) to a fleur-de- lis (a more obvious symbol of Paris, where the American Legion started).

What’s Next for the American Legion Coins

The CCAC itself doesn’t decide what goes on coins. Rather, we provide our studied, reasoned advice in a formal recommendation to the secretary of the Treasury. Another committee, the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts, also provides feedback and recommendations. The secretary uses that input, as well as the insight of relevant liaisons and stakeholders, and then makes the final decisions on designs.

Once the designs are officially chosen, the Mint’s artists will sculpt them, hubs and dies will be made, and the coins will continue through the master production schedule of manufacturing, packaging, and distribution. There will be a launch ceremony sometime next year in conjunction with the American Legion.

If these designs speak to even a fraction of the American Legion’s membership, and a fraction of the other Americans who know and love the Legion, the United States Mint will have a very successful and popular commemorative coin program for 2019.

To read the complete article, see:
Celebrating the American Legion—and America’s veterans—with coins (http://news.coinupdate.com/celebrating-the-american-legion-and-americas-veterans-with-coins/)

BILL SEEKS TO PUT WOMEN ON QUARTERS

Two US representatives -- Democrat Barbara Lee of California and Republican Bruce Poliquin of Maine -- on Thursday introduced a bill that would inject the coin circulation with quarters that feature prominent women from American history.

In a program that would mimic the ongoing commemorative collection that features state landmarks, the US Mint would churn out coins featuring women selected by leaders from all 50 states, five territories and DC. Their portraits would appear on the back side of the coins, opposite George Washington.

"We have so many women, first of all, who are unsung heroes, and their accomplishments haven't been recognized," Lee told CNNMoney. "This bill, and hopefully the coins, will give us a chance to really highlight them and make sure the world really knows who they are and what they have done. I think it's really long overdue."

The legislation, introduced during Women's History Month, would direct the governor or top official in each state or territory to consult with local women's organizations and other interested groups about their pick. No living people can appear on coins, so the women must be deceased, the bill stipulates.

The first design mockups could arrive in 2020, the 100th anniversary of women gaining the right to vote. And Lee said the first coins could enter circulation in 2021.

Lee worked for more than a year alongside former Treasurer Rosie Rios to draft this bill.

To read the complete article, see:
Lawmakers push to put women on quarters (http://money.cnn.com/2018/03/15/news/women-quarters-rosie-rios/index.html)

A 16TH CENTURY COIN CABINET?

16th Century provenance: Florence, With wooden structure. Provided with front window, complete with functioning lock, with a key. External surface covered with red leather, richly decorated with gilded, imprinted frames of branches and leaves. The hinges and lock with iron plates, partially gilded. Two articulated, iron locks alongside, with traces of gilding as well. Arms of Strozzi-Pandolfini family on the front part. Provided with a wooden dresser (later) that can be inserted inside. dimensions 43 x 39 x 32 cm.

To read the complete lot description, see:
LOT 543 A RARE MONEY BOX (https://www.the-saleroom.com/en-gb/auction-catalogues/czerny-international-auction-house-ltd/catalogue-id-srcz10019/lot-f4afb179-1e11-43e2-a2fc-a89000e9e4f0)

NUMISMATIC NUGGETS: MARCH 18, 2018

1792 Barbados Halfpenny Token

Lot 352. Barbados. Copper 1/2 Penny Token. 1792. Low mintage. Barbados. Copper 1/2 Penny Token. 1792. Crowned head left / Neptune in chariot. KM Tn9. VF. Low mintage

To read the complete lot description, see:
Lot 352. Barbados. Copper 1/2 Penny Token. 1792. Low mintage. (https://www.agoraauctions.com/listing/viewdetail/39587)

1823-Dated Mexico Gold Restrike

To read the complete lot description, see:
1823 dated Mexico Gold Restrike (https://www.northeastcoin.com/viewImageStandalone.jsp?itemKey=zi26_9301187)

1860 Clark Gruber Mountain $10 Gold

Outstanding example of Clark Gruber Mountain Ten. Anyone who has studied these know rough and scrubbed coins are the norm. This one is better than virtually any I have seen within AU classification and better than many low mint state examples.

To read the complete lot description, see:
1860 $10 CLARK GRUBER PCGS AU58 (http://hlrc.com/Inventory/CoinViewer?id=868556001&c=23)

1937 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Coronation Gold Medal

A King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Coronation gold medal, by Percy Metcalfe, diameter 57mm

The coronation of George VI and Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon as King and Queen of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth and as Emperor and Empress of India took place at Westminster Abbey, London, on 12 May 1937. George VI ascended the throne upon the abdication of his brother, Edward VIII, on 11 December 1936, three days before his 41st birthday. Edward's coronation had been planned for 12 May 1937 and it was decided to continue with his brother and sister-in-law's coronation on the same date.

The media played an important part in broadcasting this show of pageantry and imperialism to the Empire, which marked this coronation as an important event in the history of television, being the world's first major outside broadcast. It was also the first coronation to be filmed, as well as the first to be broadcast on radio.

To read the complete article, see:
Coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronation_of_King_George_VI
_and_Queen_Elizabeth)

To read the complete lot description, see:
Lot 106 A King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Coronation gold medal, ... (https://www.easyliveauction.com/catalogue/lot/2d235c2f56b4903b88bc951504f6c334/
0af8d24542e81eb9357e7ef448a6646f/select-sale-including-collectors-sale-lot-106/)

THE RALPH AND LOIS STONE COLLECTION

Sotheby’s is delighted to announce the sale of the Ralph and Lois Stone Collection of United States Silver Morgan Dollars as part of the Historic Coins and Medals Sale. The coins form an essential part of the story of late-19th century America and have long been recognized as important historical artefacts from the period. Complete by date and mintmark, the Stone Collection is one of the finest ever formed, with exceptionally high grades of preservation of the rarest dates in the series. Quietly assembled by Ralph Stone, a discerning northern California banker and collector, the collection has remained unseen and all but unknown to the collecting fraternity since Stone’s death more than twenty years ago. Overall the collection is expected to fetch in excess of $3 million.

Richard Austin, Head of Sotheby’s Books & Manuscripts Department commented: “Sotheby’s has traditionally had great success with extraordinary coin sales and we are excited to offer the Stone Collection on behalf of these long-standing clients. The sale has everything the market desires: rarity, condition, provenance and rediscovery.”

Serving as something of a time capsule, the collection was formed during the first decade of third-party grading. This imaginative concept, where third-party specialist firms authenticated the coins, graded their condition (on a scale of 1 to 70), and encapsulated the coins in tamper-proof holders, transformed coin collecting in the U.S. It is now not only the norm, but an essential part of the collecting experience.

All the silver dollars in the collection were certified and encapsulated by the two major grading services at the time they entered the collection — the Professional Coin Grading Service (PCGS) and the Numismatic Guaranty Corporation (NGC). Furthermore, the majority of the silver dollars have also been reviewed and approved by the Certified Acceptance Corporation (CAC), which examines coins previously encapsulated, and adds its imprimatur to those coins which are exemplars of the grade indicated on the holder. All Morgan dollars will be sold in their original, vintage holders.

The Stone Collection also includes a complete set of Three Cent Silver pieces, all certified to be of at least MS-65 (gem) quality and submitted to CAC; an essentially complete set of U.S. Silver Commemorative coins (1892-1954), again all in MS-65 condition; a small selection of U.S. gold coins, and an original set of the 1915 Panama-Pacific Commemorative coins, which includes two examples of the fifty dollar denomination, the largest ever produced by the U.S. Mint. The sale will also include a selection of Indian peace medals from a distinguished private collection featuring an exceptionally rare Andrew Johnson peace medal inscribed by presidential order.

For more information, see:
Historic Coins and Medals Featuring Magnificent Morgan Silver Dollars from the Collection of Ralph and Lois Stone (http://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/2018/historic-coins-and-medals-n09975.html)

WAYNE'S NUMISMATIC DIARY: MARCH 18, 2018

Mouse Pad Mania
There was untold excitement at E-Sylum Central on Monday March 12, 2018 as a package arrived from Tsoi Wing Yip in Hong Kong. In it was the new Wheat Cent mouse pad I'd ordered for my desk from an eBay seller. It was a long overdue replacement for one I'd used for so many years I've lost track. Distributed by the U.S. Mint, it was gifted to me by reader David Gladfelter. It's clearly seen better days. For grins, I'll happily donate it as a gag lot / precious E-Sylum souvenir for this year's Numismatic Bibliomania Society benefit auction (I'll donate something nice from my library as well).

Old and New Mousepads

David Gladfelter writes:

Sacagawea dollar Information Kit

Dave adds:

Sacajawea dollar brochure and bookmark

Nummis Nova
This week's big event was the regular March meeting of Nummis Nova, my Northern Virginia numismatic social group. Our host was Tom Kays, and he'd made reservations at Clyde's restaurant near Alexandria for Tuesday, March 13, 2018.

I was the first to arrive and took a seat at the bar, where I and fellow patrons were entertained by a rather loud woman who is apparently a regular there. I was relieved when she left and happier still to see fellow Nummis Nova regular Eric Schena walk in. He joined me at the bar and we had a nice conversation while awaiting the others.

It wasn't long before Dave Schenkman and Gene Brandenburg arrived, and we all headed toward our table. It was in a nearby room decorated with a hunting theme - there were racks of rifles next to the fireplace, and scores of duck decoys on shelves all around the room. Very cozy. Gene Brandenburg took this long shot of Wayne Herndon and Tom Kays.

The rest of the group arrived over the next 15 minutes or so. I sat across from Gene, Dave and Eric, and Wayne Herndon settled in next to me. The other end of the table held Mike Packard, Tom Kays, Robert Hoppensteadt, Steve Bishop and Lenny Goldberg.

Wayne Homren and Wayne Herndon with Dave Schenkman "pointing at the culprit"
Image and caption by Gene Brandenburg

Mike Packard, Tom Kays, Steve Bishop
"3 Amigos - Tom loves his phone"
Image and caption by Gene Brandenburg

Annandale Kids Event
Robert brought some ancient coins I'd purchased at NYINC to use as auction lots for an upcoming Kids Event at the Annandale coin show. He'd taken them home and attributed them for us. Thanks! It gave us an opportunity to discuss the last event. It was a memorable one, and since I haven't had a chance to write it up yet, I'll do it in the next article. It took place March 3, 2018.

Nummis Nova
Now back to Tuesday's Nummis Nova meeting. We always have some interesting material on hand, and here are some examples. Host Tom Kays challenged attendees as follows:

I have two Gallery Mint 1804 Dollars in my collection, but didn't have time to locate and bring them. Here are what others brought. Some stick to the theme, but others are new purchases and other handy items. I brought a couple new books.

Absolute Money Notes
Dave Schenkman brought these delightful political satire notes.

Note #1 Front

Note #1 Back

Note #2 Front (same Back as #1)

Note #3 Front

Note #3 Back

Million Dollar Daivd Litrenta Note
Mike Packard brought this great piece of ephemera from dealer David Litrenta that makes a great companion for the tokens discussed earlier.

Coin Replicas
Tom brought a treasure poke filled with replicas of various coins. I spread them out for this picture.

But the real treasure was in a box. He writes:

“Double Brockages”???
In the What-exactly-ARE-these-anyway? department, Dave Schenkman writes:

Steve's Beauties
Here are some of the items Steve Bishop brought to show.

1786 Franklin Natus Boston Medal

1862 Indian Cent CS Wilkins NGC MS62

1881 Morgan NGC MS64 Plus Toned

1881-S Morgan Toned NGC MS64 Star Toned

1921 Morgan NGC MS63 Star Toned

More Pictures
Here are a couple shots by Tom Kays.

Gene Brandenburg, Dave Schenkman, Eric Schena

Eric Schena, Wayne Homren, Wayne Herndon

Here are some additional photos I took of our group.

Lenny (far left), Robert, Gene, and Dave

LEFT,from foreground: Lenny, Robert
RIGHT, from foreground: Steve, Tom, Mike, Wayne Herndon

Behind me was this shelf. Things aren't nailed down, since apparently their usual crowd is more reserved and well-behaved. I took a closer look at the Decoys book and discovered it was published by Krause Publications, an unexpected numismatic connection. Yeah, I put it back. Since the full title is The 100 Best Decoys we were expecting something in a Whitman Publications series.

What a great night! The food and company were marvelous, in a comfortable, relaxing setting. It's always a numismatic highlight of my month. 'Til next time.

WAYNE'S NUMISMATIC DIARY: MARCH 3, 2018

While the Annandale Coin show came off quite normally, the setup was anything but. Wayne Herndon runs the show at the Northern Virginia Community College campus in Annandale. Setup takes place Friday night so all the tables, lights and cases can be available for the dealers first thing Saturday morning.

Well, the day before was when the Nor'easter came to Virginia. While we didn't get any of the snow that hit states to our north, the winds were fierce. Schools and government offices were closed Friday. Our neighborhood was littered with roofing shingles, downspouts, tree limbs and several fallen trees. Several communities in the area were without power for 15 hours or more.

And since the Community College was closed Friday, show setup had to wait. Our sons work part time for Wayne and had helped set up the last show. So the three of us got up before the crack of dawn and reported to the event hall at 5am. I pitched in myself for a while, pushing carts of exhibit cases and putting plastic table cloths on dealer tables. I later described that task as the opposite of playing a round of golf - I had to get as many tablecloths on as possible "without getting a hole in one".

Later I was dispatched to buy donuts for the dealers and while I was at it bought breakfast for the three of us. The sight of thirteen dozen Colossal Donuts from the local supermarket inspired my son to snap a photo of the trunk of my car.

By then the boys were done with their work - the hall was set up and dealers were arriving. We had our breakfasts and at 8am I drove them back home, returning again to the show by 9:30 for my usual chore of setting up for the Kids event.

I moved a few tables in the room and laid out twenty auction lots. I set up the registration table and laid out a pile of donated coin books and folders. Mike Packard had agreed to be our guest speaker, and he was the next to arrive. In a surprise, Tom Kays arrived next - he had been scheduled to be at a different show in Fredericksburg, but the winds had snapped a huge shopping mall sign that dangled over Rt. 95 and closed the highway. Rather than sit in traffic he came over to Annandale.

Luckily Tom had some additional donated material for our auction and added to the sale. As kids and parents arrived I registered them and gave them their auction dollars. One returnee was Savannah, a sharp young lady about the age of my own daughter. She had part of her hair dyed green. "Wasn't it purple last time?", I asked. (It was).

Registration table image courtesy Tom Kays

We ended up with about 15 kids and an overflowing room packed with parents and guests as well. Representatives from the Fairfax Coin Club discussed their upcoming meetings and invited everyone to come by. We pulled some names for random drawings and distributed two nice jigsaw puzzles picturing rare coins - a 1794 dollar and a Brasher Doubloon.

Mike did a great job presenting an overview of U.S. Colonial coins to the audience. He passed around slabbed examples of colonials including a Rosa Americana. Mike asked a bunch of quiz questions along the way, and the kids were amazing - only a couple of the harder ones stumped them. Here are some photos by Tom.

LEFT: Wayne Homren and Mike Packard standing
RIGHT: auction lot viewing

Here's a shot I took of Mike presenting.

I called the auction and Tom was the runner, collecting auction dollars for winning lots. It seemed to go very well. At the end we sold coins from a treasure box to anyone who still had auction dollars burning a hole in their pocket. I had to duck out to make it to my daughter's basketball playoff game, but Tom handled the cleanup. It was a rewarding experience - the kids are great budding numismatists.

THE MAN WHO INVENTED BOOKSELLING

1794 Halfpenny Token of J. Lackington Booksellers
Ron Haller-Williams of Surbiton, Surrey, England writes:

To read the eBay lot description, see:
1794 Halfpenny Token: J L. Lackington. Booksellers (https://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/292469873150

Today, few people are likely to remember James Lackington (1746-1815) and his once-famous London bookshop, The Temple of the Muses, but if, as a customer, you’ve ever bought a remaindered book at deep discount, or wandered thoughtfully through the over-stocked shelves of a cavernous bookstore, or spent an afternoon lounging in the reading area of a bookshop (without buying anything!) then you’ve already experienced some of the ways that Lackington revolutionized bookselling in the late 18th century. The Temple of the Muses, which was one of the first modern bookstores, was a mammoth enterprise, by far the largest bookstore in England, boasting an inventory of over 500,000 volumes, annual sales of 100,000 books, and yearly revenues of £5,000 (roughly $700,000 today). All of this made Lackington a very wealthy man—admired by some and despised by others—but London’s greatest bookseller began his career inauspiciously as an illiterate shoemaker.

One of 11 children, Lackington was apprenticed to a cobbler as a boy. He had no formal education, but at an early age he recognized the value of books, and he and his friends scoured the markets for cheap editions of poetry, plays, and classical literature in translation in order to teach themselves to read and expand their understanding of the world. Later, as a shoemaker, he moved to London with his wife, Nancy, and years later in his memoirs he describes how, upon arriving in the city, he spent their last half-crown on a book of poems, Edward Young’s Night Thoughts: “For had I bought a dinner, we should have eaten it tomorrow, and the pleasure would have been soon over, but should we live fifty years longer, we shall have the Night Thoughts to feast upon.” Shortly thereafter, in 1774, Lackington was able to rent his own shop, and he began selling both shoes and books together.

Late 18th-century London was a time of great social change. More people were learning to read, and the increase in leisure time among the working and middle classes meant an increased demand for books. But books were still an expensive luxury, and bookstores could be intimidating places. At the time, the typical bookstore did not encourage idle browsing or lounging. Lackington wanted to find a way to make books more affordable and accessible while still turning a profit, and with this in mind, he set about revolutionizing the book trade in at least four ways.

His first innovation was to eliminate a staple of 18th-century commercial life: credit. He ran a cash-only business, which initially shocked his competitors and insulted some of his customers, but he reasoned that if he sold for cash, he could buy for cash instead of taking out costly loans; in this way he avoided interest charges as well as the losses incurred by customers unable to pay their debts.

His second innovation had to do with his handling of remainder sales. The standard practice was for booksellers to buy large quantities of remaindered titles and then destroy as many as three-quarters of the books in order to drive up prices. But Lackington bought huge lots—sometimes entire libraries—and then drastically reduced the prices of all the books in order to sell them at high volume. In this way he kept books in circulation, made them affordable to a wider range of buyers, and turned a substantial profit all at the same time.

Lackington’s third innovation will be familiar to anyone today who loves a bargain: he convinced his customers that they were getting a deal by refusing to haggle over prices. He posted this sign in his shop: The lowest price is marked on every book, and no abatement made on any article.

By 1794, he had amassed a large enough inventory to move into a massive shop on Finsbury Square with his partner Robert Allen. He named the shop The Temple of the Muses, and above the entrance a plaque boldly announced: Cheapest Bookstore in the World. The Temple of the Muses became a tourist attraction, and this was Lackington’s fourth innovation: the sheer size of his bookstore—a spectacle that dwarfed all other bookshops of the time—made it a destination in itself. With a shop front 140 feet long, the cavernous lobby featured a circular counter with space for a mail coach and six horses to pass through.

Above this counter, a staircase led up to “lounging rooms” where patrons could read beneath galleries lined with book-filled shelves, four floors in all. The higher patrons climbed, the cheaper and more tattered the books became. The poet John Keats spent many hours reading for free in the lounging rooms, and it was here that he met his first publishers, Taylor and Hessy, who worked in the shop.

And like Amazon’s Jeff Bezos, Lackington himself became something of a celebrity. A flag flew above The Temple of the Muses to let customers know when he was present in the shop, and he rode through the streets of London in a carriage inscribed with his motto: “Small profits do great things.” He even minted tokens bearing his image, which could be redeemed in the shop. A catalogue of his available stock was printed on a regular basis, and orders were filled for customers as far away as America.

To read the complete article, see:
THE MAN WHO INVENTED BOOKSELLING AS WE KNOW IT (https://lithub.com/the-man-who-invented-bookselling-as-we-know-it/)

CIVIL WAR GOLD TALES IN THE NEWS

FBI Investigates Gettysburg Civil War Gold Find Claim
A 155-year-old legend about buried federal gold appears to have caught the attention of the FBI.

Dozens of FBI agents, along with Pennsylvania state officials and members of a treasure-hunting group, trekked this week to a remote site where local lore has it that a Civil War gold shipment was lost or hidden during the 1863 Battle of Gettysburg.

The treasure-hunting group Finders Keepers has long insisted it found the gold buried in a state forest at Dents Run, about 135 miles (217 kilometers) northeast of Pittsburgh, but said the state wouldn’t allow it to dig.

The FBI has refused to say why it was at the site Tuesday, revealing only that it was conducting court-authorized law enforcement activity. Finders Keepers owner Dennis Parada said Friday he’s under FBI orders not to talk.

Historians have cast doubt on the claim that a shipment of gold was lost on its way to the U.S. Mint in Philadelphia.

To read the complete article, see:
FBI went to site of suspected lost Civil War gold in Pennsylvania (https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2018/03/17/fbi-went-site-suspected-lost-civil-war-gold-pennsylvania/434674002/)

To read the complete article, see:
Has $55MILLION of gold lost during the Battle of Gettysburg finally been discovered? FBI descends on site where treasure hunters claim they found the haul (http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-5511135/FBI-site-Civil-War-gold-rumored-buried.html)

History Channel Civil War Gold Program

Martin Kaplan of Houston, TX writes:

With Union troops closing in on the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia, in early April 1865, President Jefferson Davis and the rest of his government fled southward, allegedly carrying with them a considerable amount of gold, silver and other coins. But when Union officers caught up with Davis on May 10, near Irwinville, Georgia, he was reportedly carrying only a few dollars with him.

So what happened to that missing Confederate treasure? Its fate has remained a mystery for more than 150 years, fueling a wealth of local legends in the South and elsewhere, and even inspiring Hollywood movies like The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly (1966) and Sahara (2005), based on the book by Clive Cussler.

For more information, see:
Chasing the Myth of Confederate Gold (https://www.history.com/news/confederate-gold-jefferson-davis)

GOLD BARS FALL FROM RUSSIAN AIRPLANE

Gold litters the runway

An amazing gold rush is underway in the coldest region of Siberia despite Russian attempts to 'hush-up' the loss of much of nine tons of treasure which fell out of the back of a plane.

The cargo worth £265 million was unsecured in the hold of an ageing aircraft and its weight broke the hatch on takeoff - with precious metals falling onto the runway and swamps near Yakutsk airport.

Police say some 172 bars - 3.5 tons - have been located, and the company which lost the valuables said it was all now secure.

But locals are certain this is not correct and they are scouring frozen marshes and swamps trying to get rich in temperatures of minus 24C.

Residents have even drawn up treasure maps showing where gold and silver - called doré bars - are likely to have fallen.

A video shows one bar of gold and silver found in a snowdrift, and another highlights men scouring frozen marshes to make their fortunes.

It was even reported that flights to Yakutsk, the world's coldest city, are overbooked as Russians fly in for the gold rush.

To read the complete articles, see:
Gold galore! Siberians scour the tundra for $370m worth of gold, platinum and diamonds that FELL OUT of a plane - and one lucky treasure hunter finds a gold bar worth $500k in the snow (http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-5508951/Siberians-rush-gold-diamonds-fell-plane.html)
Loosely in the sky with diamonds! Russian plane loses its $400million cargo of gold and jewels after a hatch falls off during takeoff (http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-5504253/Plane-loses-265-million-cargo-gold-jewels.html)