Vicken Yegparian penned a great article about the recent discovery of an intact nineteenth-century American coin collector's cabinet, nowadays the equivalent of opening King Tut's tomb.
With permission, we're republishing it here. Thank you - fascinating story!
-Editor
The Fascinating Numismatic Cabinet of
James Allaire Millholland, 1842-1911
Over 170 years of active
trading in the numismatic
hobby has dispersed most
all collections built in the
early days of American
numismatics. But last
summer, a once in a lifetime
opportunity presented itself: an
amazing collection of U.S. coins
built wholly in the 19th century and
unseen by numismatists until last year. To use the term
fresh to the market would be a gross understatement.
As numismatists, we at Stack's Bowers Galleries are often
interested in the history of a collection, especially how it
evolved into the finished product that graces the pages of
our auction catalogs. Sometimes that history is rich, such as
with the famed Garrett and Eliasberg collections, carrying
so much associated information behind them that entire
books have been written about these American cabinets.
The cabinet of James Allaire Millholland (JAM), who
lived from 1842 to 1911, on the other hand, is today witnessed only by the coins themselves and a small handwritten ledger he kept as an inventory of the collection. The
story we can weave is based solely on the evidence of the
coins and the man, and how they intersect is unknown, as
no records exist of his individual acquisitions or how he
embarked on his numismatic journey. His numismatic path
seemingly has left no wake, and he does not appear to have
been a member of major numismatic organizations of the
day, such as the American Numismatic Association and the
American Numismatic Society. We do know that the coins
descended in the family of Millholland's 16th and final
child, James Millholland (JM), and were kept reverentially
within the family—they were regarded more emotionally
than monetarily, a most tangible link to a father (JAM) who
passed away before he (JM) was even seven years old.
The quality of the coins is a testament to the care with
which the coins were held within the family for well over
a century past James Allaire Millholland's passing in 1911.
According to his grandchildren,
the coins were for a long time
kept out of sight by their father
in their custom cabinet in an
alcove behind the furnace in
the family home and were later
moved to the far back of their
father's closet, before finally
being moved to a safe deposit
box under their care. As you
peruse the listings of the collection, you will immediately
notice the fine cabinet toning,
sometimes quite vivid and
electric, that enhances so many
of the coins. We would like to
think that the heat thrown off by
the nearby furnace sparked and accelerated these wonderful tones on the coins sitting on paper inserts in neat little
rows on trays in the wooden cabinet built by the crafty JAM
himself. And being tucked away rather than constantly
handled preserved the uniformly high quality of the collection, especially among the Proof coins which are prevalent
starting with the issues of the 1860s and are almost exclusively graded in the Proof-64 to Proof-67 range. There are
also many very original and beautiful circulated and Mint
State coins in the earlier issues. As a further testament to
its originality and high quality, the collection as a whole
received a greater than 40% CAC acceptance rate among
CAC-eligible items, and taken alone, the Proofs received
CAC approval at a rate of more than 55%!
The road taken by the collection to these pages has been
a long one. We know from the evidence of the coins themselves that the collection was built in the 19th century, as
the last coins in the cabinet and recorded by JAM were in
1894. Though there is no evidence or family lore as to why
he stopped collecting 17 years before his death in 1911, his
grandchildren surmise that the extended illness which led
to his first wife's death in 1896 might have been an influence.
His grandchildren, caring for the coins for many decades,
tracked the trajectory of Stack's and then Stack's Bowers
Galleries as the firm made numismatic headlines. But it
wasn't until the summer of 2022—fully 111 years after their
grandfather's passing—that they brought the coins to us.
Working with Andrew Bowers, the family made an appointment for an evaluation. Blurry yet tantalizing photos
of the trays were sent in advance. Hard to interpret, the
photos showed trays full of coins that easily could have
represented two extremes—they were either trays of well
circulated coins or Gems, we couldn't be sure. So, the excitement of discovery was left to the day when the coins
crossed the threshold of our New York City flagship gallery
at 470 Park Avenue.
When the cabinet was first opened in our conference
room, everyone's jaws dropped. The coins were neither
uniformly circulated nor uniformly Gems but were a wonderful mixture of the two. Though the key issues—delicacies like a 1793 Chain cent, 1794 dollar, or 1851 dollar—
were not present, Mint State and Gem Proof coins were
abundant, and the century's worth of toning across so many
of the coins was absolutely mesmerizing. With the assistance of Avi Zalkin and Cecilia Coughlin, our two summer
interns, the coins were inventoried and left with us in the
amazing wooden cabinet. After some deliberation within
the family, they decided it was time to part with the coins
and allow current generations of collectors to enjoy their
grandfather's numismatic legacy, retaining JAM's cabinet
and ledger as mementoes.
Andrew and I delved into the collection. In the absence
of acquisition records, our forensic thinking caps were
on as we tried to figure out the collection's methodology.
Consisting of half cents through silver dollars and covering
the first century of the U.S. Mint's output, the collection
usually includes just one coin per date and as such is clearly
an effort of the 19th century before Augustus Heaton's
1893 monograph Treatise on Coinage of the United States
Branch Mints (often referred to colloquially as Mintmarks ) opened the door wide to collecting coins by date
and mintmark rather than just by date. Though at times the
collection contains more than one example of a date, these
usually represent the multiple date/type variants that can
occur within a given year, like with the 1834 half dollars.
As such, the issues of the Philadelphia Mint are dominant,
with the New Orleans or San Francisco mints seldom represented, and the Carson City Mint represented by a solitary
coin, a superb Gem 1878-CC dime. Did he get this remarkable Carson City coin from a dealer or from a friend who
may have traveled out west and brought this coin back as a
souvenir?
We imagine that the collection was built by two methods:
from circulation and by purchases from coin dealers.
Though not presented in this catalog, there were about 100
pieces in the cabinet that are of modest value, chiefly well
used copper half cents and large cents and silver Liberty
Seated issues that could have been plucked from loose
change or an old family accumulation. More poignantly,
JAM's ledger inventorying his coin collection lists a number
of dealers from whom he must have purchased many of
the most significant coins: familiar 19th century names
like Scott and Co. of New York and Philadelphia dealers
J.W. Haseltine, A.M. Smith, Mason & Co., and S.H. & H.
Chapman. Less familiar or perhaps unheralded dealers
include R.W. Mercer of Cincinnati, M.F. Blacy(?) of New
York City, and F.R. Bavis(?) of Philadelphia, the latter two
names difficult to decipher in Millholland's handwritten
ledger.
Fully one-third (180 of about 540) of the coins in this
auction are 19th century Proofs, with some years represented by complete Proof sets. Did JAM purchase complete
Proof sets from these dealers, or just happen to buy Proof
singles that were of high quality in an era where the condition of a coin would have been secondary to filling the
hole for that date? And though not listed among the dealers
in his ledger, was the U.S. Mint in Philadelphia perhaps a
direct source for some of the Proofs in his collection?
Following this introduction is a brief but pithy biography
of James Allaire Millholland provided by his grandchildren,
which will give you a better feel for the man responsible for
the collection that is presented here. Unable to attend in
person a meeting at Stack's Bowers Galleries in New York
to discuss the auction, one of his octogenarian grandchildren wrote I so much wish I had been at [my sister's] side
to hear you all talk of the coins and open our eyes for a tiny
peek into the vast and fascinating world of numismatics.
This whole adventure has brought up – again! – the wonderful explosion of questions a little knowledge ignites.
This undertaking feels a bit as if we are getting to honor a
grandfather we never had the chance to know. Though we
are not family, Andrew and I and all of us at Stack's Bowers
Galleries feel like honorary members of the Millholland
clan, as we too have been enthralled by this adventure and
are excited to present this fascinating cabinet to collectors
in the 21st century.
I could blather on for many more pages talking about
individual coins, but I will instead allow my colleague Jeff
Ambio's masterful cataloging and the images do the talking
for each piece. I encourage you to peruse the listings of the
collection presented in three places in this Official Auction
of the Whitman Baltimore Spring Expo: our Rarities Night
(lots 3001-3056), Live (lots 4001-4229) and Internet (lots
9329-9581) sessions. There are truly coins for collectors
of all stripes, whether you are looking for an inexpensive
souvenir of a not-yet-famous collection or for a five-figure
condition rarity destined for a top registry set. Once dispersed, we imagine these 540 or so coins will not often
reappear in the numismatic market, cherished by their new
owners as a connection to an unheralded 19th century collector and as remarkably high-quality survivors of their respective issues.
Vicken Yegparian
Vice President of Numismatics
To view or bid on the Millholland coins, see:
Spring 2023 Auction - Session 3 - Rarities Night featuring the James Allaire Millholland Collection - Lots 3001-3313
(https://auctions.stacksbowers.com/auctions/3-118LV5/spring-2023-auction-session-3-rarities-night-featuring-the-james-allaire-millholland-collection-lots-3001-3313)
Spring 2023 Auction - Session 4 - The James Allaire Millholland Collection - Lots 4001-4229
(https://auctions.stacksbowers.com/auctions/3-118PCY/spring-2023-auction-session-4-the-james-allaire-millholland-collection-lots-4001-4229)
Spring 2023 Auction - Session 11 - Internet Only - The James Allaire Millholland Collection - Lots 9329-9581
(https://auctions.stacksbowers.com/auctions/3-11BRNZ/spring-2023-auction-session-11-internet-only-the-james-allaire-millholland-collection-lots-9329-9581)
Wayne Homren, Editor
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